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Home / IAS Preparation / Second And Third Round Table Conferences

Second and Third Round Table Conferences - History, List of Participants, and Outcomes!

Last Updated on Dec 30, 2023
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The Second and Third Round Table Conferences were two important conferences held in London between 1931-32 as part of the process of constitutional reform in British India. The Second Round Table Conference (RTC) was held from 7th September to 1st December 1931 and it was attended by Mahatma Gandhi, Indian National Congress, and other prominent leaders. The Third Round Table Conference was held from 17th November to 24th December 1932. The British Government called these RTCs to discuss the report of the Simon Commission. The conference ended without any agreement being reached on the proposed reforms.

The topic of the Second and Third Round Table Conferences is relevant under the theme of Modern History in the Prelims exam, General Studies (GS – 1) paper, and History Optional paper in Mains. In recent years, UPSC started asking direct factual and Chronological questions in prelims and analytical questions in the Mains exam. This article on Second and Third Round Table Conferences will help you to prepare for the UPSC Civil Services exam.

This article on testbook will discuss in a detailed way the participating members, Important events, and outcomes of the Round Table Conferences.

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Download the PDF on The Second and Third Round Table Conferences (RTC) notes for the UPSC Exam here.

Check out the syllabus, exam pattern, and standard books of General Studies Paper 1 for the UPSC IAS exam.

What is a Round Table Conference?

A Round Table Conference is a formal meeting bringing together diverse, often conflicting parties to discuss crucial issues and seek agreements through open dialogue and compromise. Imagine a medieval knightly gathering, but for policymakers instead of swords, to tackle complex problems around a circular table, aiming for solutions everyone can accept.

History of Round Table Conference

  • Introduced in the 1930s by the British Raj as a way to address growing demands for Indian self-rule amidst a complex political landscape.
  • Conferences involved diverse participants – British officials, Indian political leaders, representatives of minorities, and princely states.
  • Three sessions were held in London between 1930 and 1932.

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Second Round Table Conference
  • The second Round Table Conference was held in London from 7th September 1931 to 1st December 1931 after the lack of participation of major leaders and no substantial outcome in the first round table conference.
  • The Round Table Conferences were called in response to the inadequacy of the Simon Report.
  • These conferences were called initially by Ramsay MacDonald of the Labour Party; later they were held under the regime of the Conservative party.
  • Indian National Congress participated in the Second Round Table Conference after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931).

Participants of the Second Round Table Conference

The representatives of the various sections of the Indian society in the second Round Table Conference in London are given below in the following list –

  • British representatives
      • PM of Britain – James Ramsay Macdonald
      • Delegates from various political parties in Britain
    • Princely States - Maharajas, Nawabs, Sardar and Deewan of various princely states which includes
      •  Alwar
      • Darbhanga
      • Bhopal
      • Bikaner
      • Indore
      • Jammu and Kashmir
      • Patiala
      • Manubhai Mehta (Baroda)
      • Sardar Sahibzada Sultan Ahmed Khan (Gwalior)
      • Sir Muhammad Akbar Hydari (Hyderabad), etc.
  • Representatives of the British Indian group
      • Mahatma Gandhi – He was the representative of INC along with Rangaswami Iyengar and Madan Mohan Malaviya.
      • C. P. Ramaswami Iyer – He was the representative of the Government of British India.
  • Muslim representatives
      • Aga Khan III – He was the representative of the Muslim League.
      • Muhammad Ali Jinnah
      • Maulana Shaukat Ali
      • A. K. Fazlul Huq
      • Muhammad Iqbal
  • Hindu representatives
      • B. S. Moonje – He was the leader of the Hindu Mahasabha.
      • M R Jayakar
    • On behalf of Depressed classes - Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
    • Sikh representatives - Sardar Ujjal Singh
  • Women representatives
  • Liberal Representatives
      • Tej Bahadur Sapru
      • Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad
  • Representatives of the Labour Class
      • N. M. Joshi
      • B. Shiva Rao
      • V. V. Giri
  • Other Representatives
    • Industrialists – GD Birla, Purshottamdas Thakurdas.
    • Christians
    • Parsis
    • Anglo-Indian

Check out the syllabus of UPSC Mains History Optional Papers 1 and 2!

Outcomes of Second Round Table Conference

The major outcomes of the Second Round Table Conference are –

  • Announcement of the Communal Award also known as the Macdonald Award by British PM Ramsay Macdonald.
  • Major differences in opinion came out between the various representatives and the Indian National Congress.
  • The conference resulted in a complete failure.
  • No substantial constitutional reform was implemented.
  • Two separate provinces of Sindh and North-West Frontier Province, were formed after this conference.
  • Three expert committees on finance, franchise and states and the Indian Consultative Committee were formed.

Check out this article to learn about Important Sessions of the Indian National Congress!

Third Round Table Conference
  • The third Round Table Conference was held in London from 17th November 1932 to 24th December 1932 after the failure of the Second Round Table Conference.
  • The Third Round Table Conferences were attended by a few delegates.

Participants of the Third Round Table Conference

The representatives of the various sections of the Indian society at the Third Round Table Conference in London are given below in the following list –

    • British-Indian Representatives - Aga Khan III
  • Princely States - Maharajas, Nawabs, Sardar and Deewan of various princely states, which include –
      • Hyderabad
      • Bhopal
      • Mysore
      • Bhopal
      • Jammu and Kashmir
      • Patiala, etc.
    • Depressed Classes - B. R. Ambedkar
    • Women - Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz
  • Others
    • Europeans
    • Anglo-Indians
    • labour groups
  • Indian National Congress - It was not invited. Hence, it did not participate.

Outcomes of Third Round Table Conference

The major outcomes of the Third Round Table Conference are –

  • The recommendations of the conference were published as a White Paper in March 1933, and later, the British Parliament discussed them.
  • A Joint Select Committee was established to examine the recommendations and draft a new Act for India.
  • The Government of India Act of 1935 was based on the draft of this committee report.

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UPSC Previous Year Questions (PYQs) related to the Round Table Conference

Many voices strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate. [UPSC Civil Services Mains 2019]

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Second and Third Round Table Conferences FAQs

The Second Round Table Conference resulted in a failure because of the disagreement between Gandhiji and Ambedkar after the announcement of Communal awards.

The Second Round Table Conference was held from 7th September 1931 to 24th December 1931 in London.

The Second Round Table Conference was disappointing for the national leaders of India because of the announcement of communal awards by British PM Ramsay Macdonald. There were no substantial reforms achieved during this conference.

The 3rd Round Table Conference was attended by only 46 delegates. Major Groups such as Congress, Labour Party were absent from the conference.

The third round table conference was held from 17th November 1931 to 24th December 1932 in London.

The third round table conference was headed by Aga Khan III from British - India Representative, Dr BR Ambedkar from Depressed classes and representatives of princely states during the prime minister Ramsay Macdonald.
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