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Home / IAS Preparation / MT- Presbyopia: New Eye Drop

Presbyopia: New Eye Drop to Cure Defects of Vision | UPSC Notes

Last Updated on Feb 18, 2025
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Entod Pharmaceuticals, a firm based in Mumbai, has received approval from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) for its new eye drop. The new eye drop is designed to reduce dependency on reading glasses for those with presbyopia. It can help those who find it difficult to use glasses and is a landmark moment for India’s pharmaceutical industry which has already earned a reputation of making affordable and quality medicine and medical equipment. 

Syllabus

General Studies - III

Topics for Prelims

Eye, Defects in Vision, Health, DCGI

Topics for Mains

Science and Technology, Regulatory Bodies, Health Sector in India

What is Presbyopia?

Presbyopia is an age-related condition in which the eyes of a person gradually lose the ability to focus on nearby objects. Presbyopia is an age-related condition where the flexibility of the eye's lens decreases and makes it difficult for the person to focus on close objects. This defect in vision in a person typically starts to affect people around the age of 40 and is a very common part of aging in India and abroad. People with presbyopia often feel that they need reading glasses or bifocals to help them see up close. Presbyopia is 

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How Does PresVu Work?

It is important to know the active ingredient of the new eye drop developed by Entod pharmaceuticals. PresVu contains pilocarpine, which belongs to a class of drugs and is a chemical compound that affects the body by contracting the iris muscles. Pilocarpine is a chemical compound that helps to improve focus on nearby objects by controlling the size of the pupil. PresVu uses a technology called “advanced dynamic buffer technology” to adapt to the pH level of tears which ensures consistent efficacy and safety for extended use. 

Prescription is mandatory for using PresVu.The impact of PresVu is generally effective for four to six hours. There are certain potential side effects of this eye drop as well like itching, redness, pain in the region around the eyebrow and muscle spasms in the eyes. The chemical compound used in it i.e Pilocarpine has been used for cataract therapy and is known to temporarily improve the depth of focus. It has been tried for presbyopia in other countries as well.

What are the Different Defects of Vision?

These are the following types of defects of vision:

  • Myopia or Near-Sightedness: In this condition, a person can see the objects nearby but cannot see distant objects clearly. The objects which are placed at a far distance appear blurry. This makes the person not able to see the object comfortably. Myopia is a defect in vision that usually occurs when the shape of the eyes causes light rays to bend in the wrong direction, focusing images in front of the retina rather than on it. Concave lenses are used to correct myopic eyes.

  • Hypermetropia or Far-Sightedness: Hypermetropia is also known as far-sightedness. In this condition, a person can see objects which are at a far distance but unable to see nearby objects clearly. Generally, a person with this defect in vision squints to see nearby objects. Hypermetropia is a defect of vision which is caused when the light rays from a closeby object are focused on a point behind the retina. Such eye defects are corrected by using convex lenses.

  • Presbyopia: Presbyopia is a condition in which there is gradual loss of the eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects. Usually, the symptoms of Presbyopia begin around the age of 40 and worsen until around 65. This defect is corrected by the use of prescribed bifocal lenses that have both types of lenses - convex and concave.

  • Cataract: Cataract is a type of defect in vision in which the lens of the eye of a person becomes progressively cloudy and results in blurred vision. It is curable and can be treated by performing surgery. Cataract develops when the eye-lens of a person becomes cloudy or sometimes even opaque due to the formation of a membrane over it. Cataract gradually decreases the vision of the eye.

Key Takeaways for UPSC Aspirant

  • Common Health Issues: It's important for people to be well-versed with prevalent health issues such as vision defects, their causes, symptoms, and preventive measures. This includes conditions like myopia, presbyopia, cataract etc.
  • Impact on Public Health: There is a broader impact of vision defects on public health which has huge socio-economic implications. These problems can affect productivity, quality of life, and overall well-being.
  • Government Policies: Government has various schemes like PM-Ayushman Bharat Scheme to offer quality healthcare primary, secondary and tertiary care for citizens of India.
  • Infrastructure: Healthcare infrastructure in India is being developed but due to lack of political will, it is still not able to serve the needs of people.
  • Education:Medical education and creating awareness about defects of vision is necessary to create a healthy workforce in India.

We hope all your doubts regarding the Department of Electronics and Information Technology are addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides comprehensive notes for different competitive examinations. It has always assured the quality of its products, like content pages, live tests, GK and current affairs, mocks, and so on. Ace your UPSC preparation with the Testbook App!

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Presbyopia UPSC FAQs

Treatment options for it are reading glasses, Bifocal or multifocal lenses, contact lenses, or surgery.

Presbyopia is an age-related defect in vision where the eye's lens of a person becomes less flexible and makes it difficult for them to focus on nearby objects. It usually begins around the age of 40 and progresses with age.

Presbyopia is caused by the natural aging process of the lens in the eye. It usually progresses with the age of the person.

Common symptoms of presbyopia include difficulty in reading small text or seeing close-up objects clearly.

Presbyopia is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. An eye care professional will assess visual acuity and perform tests to evaluate the eye’s ability to focus on near objects.
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