Third And Fourth Anglo-Mysore War NCERT Notes For UPSC

The third Anglo-Mysore war and the fourth Anglo-Mysore war were the last two wars fought in a series of confrontations between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore. The third Anglo-Mysore war lasted from 1790 to 1792 and the fourth Anglo-Mysore war took place in 1799.
Since the first and the second Anglo-Mysore war were inconclusive, the rivalry between the British and Tipu Sultan continued to exist. The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas supported the British in both confrontations. The British took indirect control over Mysore by choosing a boy from the Wodeyar dynasty as the ruler of Mysore.

This article elaborates more on NCERT Notes on the third Anglo-Mysore war and the fourth Anglo-Mysore war which is useful for the upcoming UPSC exams.

Third and Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (UPSC Modern History) NCERT Notes: Download PDF here

Third Anglo-Mysore War

The third Anglo Mysore war began in 1790 and ended with the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792.

Background

• Lord Cornwallis formed a triple alliance against Tipu Sultan in 1790. The triple alliance consisted of the British, Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas.
• The major cause of the third Anglo-Mysore war was the dispute between Tipu Sultan and the State of Travancore.
• Jalkottal and Cannanore in the State of Cochin were bought by the Raja of Travancore from the Dutch.
• Tipu Sultan considered the State of Cochin as his tributary state and his sovereignty over the state was violated by the act of Raja of Travancore.
• Thus in April 1790, war was declared against the Travancore state.

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Course Of War

• The British who were looking for an opportunity to defeat Tipu Sultan, sided with the Raja of Travancore in the third Anglo-Mysore war and waged war against Tipu Sultan.
• After the defeat of the British army under General Meadows in 1790 by Tipu Sultan, Lord Cornwallis headed a large army in 1791. They marched towards Seringapatam and captured Coimbatore which they lost later.
• The triple alliance together made an attack on Seringapatam for the second time in which Tipu Sultan realised the infeasibility to proceed with the war and thereby concluded a peace treaty with the British.

Treaty of Seringapatam

• The third Anglo-Mysore war was brought to an end with the Treaty of Seringapatam which was signed on 18 March 1792.
• Under the Treaty of Seringapatam,
  1. Baramahal, Malabar and Dindigul of Mysorean territory were acquired by the British.
  2. Marathas took over the regions around the river Tungabhadra and its tributaries.
  3. The Mysorean areas from river Krishna to beyond the river Pennar were taken over by the Nizam of Hyderabad.
  4. Rupees three crore was levied as war indemnity on Tipu Sultan, out of which half was to be paid immediately.
  5. Two sons of Tipu Sultan were taken as captives until the rest of war indemnity was given.

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War

The fourth Anglo-Mysore war was the final conflict between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore.

Background

• In 1796, after the death of the ruler of the Wodeyar dynasty, Tipu Sultan declared himself as the Sultan of the Mysore Kingdom by denying the claims of the Wodeyar’s minor son to the throne.
• In 1798, Lord Wellesley, an imperialist was appointed as the Governor General in India.
• At that time, there was a good rapport being developed between Tipu Sultan and the French. On realising this, Lord Wellesley decided to either force Tipu Sultan to submit or end his independence altogether. He used the Subsidiary Alliance system as Modus Operandi.
• Lord Wellesley charged Tipu Sultan that he was plotting against the British with the Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad and that he also sent missionaries to Kabul, Afghanistan, Arabia, Mauritius regarding the same.
• With this reason, he waged war against Tipu Sultan. Thus began the fourth Anglo-Mysore war.

Check out NCERT notes on First and Second Anglo-Mysore War here.

Course Of War

• The fourth Anglo-Mysore war began on 17 April 1799. Two armies of the British along with one from Bombay attacked Mysore and besieged Seringapatam in 1799.
• In the Battle of Seringapatam, the British along with the help of the Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad attacked the defending wall and shot Tipu Sultan on May 4 1799.

Result Of The War

• With the death of Tipu Sultan in the battle field, the fourth Anglo-Mysore war came to an end.
• The British imprisoned his family members at Vellore
• Gooty and Gurramkonda of Mysorean territory were given to Nizam of Hyderabad and places such as Coimbatore, Wayanad, Canara, Dwaraporm were annexed by the British.
• The Kingdom of Mysore became a Princely State and Krishnaraja III of Wodeyar dynasty was made the Maharaja of Mysore.
• The Kingdom of Mysore entered into the Subsidiary Alliance with the British.

Tipu Sultan

• Tipu Sultan was the son of Haider Ali and was born in November 1750.
• He was known as the Tiger of Mysore.
• He succeeded his father as the ruler of Mysore after his death in 1782.
• During his rule, he introduced a number of administrative reforms and worked for the welfare and happiness of the people.
• He was also a great patron of science and technology. He was called the pioneer of rocket technology.

Thus with the third Anglo-Mysore war and the fourth Anglo-Mysore war, the independence of the Mysore Kingdom was brought to an end. Later in 1813, due to misgovernance in Mysore, William Bentinck took control over it and it was restored back to the ruler by Lord Ripon in 1881.

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