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Home / IAS Preparation / National Water Mission

National Water Mission - Main Goals, Features, Significance, Advantages, Disadvantages And More

Last Updated on Dec 11, 2023
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The main aim of the National Water Mission or jal jeevan mission scheme is to increase rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge activities in the most water-stressed blocks of the country. This campaign was launched in two phases, phase 1 from July 1 to September 15, 2019, for all participating blocks and phase 2 from October 1 to November 30, 2019, for states with retreating monsoon.

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What is National Water Mission?

The National Water Mission will consider the guidelines outlined in the National Water Policy, creating a framework to enhance water utilization efficiency by 20%. This will be achieved through regulatory measures incorporating distinct entitlements and pricing structures.

Main Goals of National Water Mission

The main goals of NWM are listed below.

Goal

Objective

1

Establish a comprehensive water database accessible to the public.

2

Evaluate the impact of climate change on water resources.

3

Encourage citizen and state initiatives for water conservation, augmentation, and preservation. Focus on vulnerable areas, especially those over-exploited.

4

Enhance water use efficiency by 20% through regulatory mechanisms with differential entitlements and pricing.

5

Promote integrated water resources management at the basin level.
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Features of the National Water Mission
  • Comprehensive Strategy: The National Water Mission has a comprehensive strategy for water conservation, which includes various aspects like surface water management, efficient water use, domestic and industrial water management, policy and institutional framework, groundwater management, and basin-level planning and management.
  • Data and Information Management: The mission established the Water Resources Information System (WRIS), which aims to provide an extensive database on water resources available to the public. This feature helps in improving decision-making regarding water resource management.
  • Adoption of Technology: The mission promotes the adoption of modern irrigation methods such as sprinklers, drip irrigation, ridge, and furrow irrigation. It also encourages the use of low-temperature desalination technologies to meet the water requirements of coastal cities.
  • Enhancing Water Storage: One of the mission's key features is to enhance water storage both above and below the ground. It focuses on implementing rainwater harvesting and other methods to increase groundwater levels.
  • Promoting Recycling: The mission promotes the recycling of wastewater, particularly in urban areas, to meet a considerable share of water needs.
  • Engaging the Community: The mission focuses on involving the community in water conservation efforts. It seeks to increase public awareness and participation in water conservation activities through campaigns like Jal Shakti Abhiyan.
  • Fighting Climate Change: The mission aims to consult with states to develop basin-level management strategies to tackle the variability in rainfall and river flows due to climate change.
  • Awards and Recognition: The National Water Mission Awards recognize and incentivize organizations and individuals who excel in sustainable water management, efficient water use, and water conservation.
  • Two-Volume Mission Document: The mission document consists of two volumes. Volume 1 deals with funds required for the mission, research and development, monitoring of the mission, and the composition of various committees to run the mission. Volume 2 deals with reports generated by six different sub-committees.
  • Five Goals and Thirty-Nine Strategies: The mission document has outlined five primary goals and thirty-nine strategies to achieve its objectives. These include creating a comprehensive water database, assessing climate change impact, promoting citizen and state action, focusing on vulnerable areas, and increasing water use efficiency.
  • Policy and Institutional Framework: The mission emphasizes the development of a robust policy and institutional framework for water conservation. This feature is essential for effective water governance and to ensure that water conservation efforts are sustainable and impactful.

By incorporating these features, the National Water Mission aims to address the water crisis in India holistically and ensure that water is conserved and managed sustainably for future generations.

Significance and Advantages of National Water Mission

The National Water Mission is vital to India because of the following reasons:

  • Water Conservation: It aims to promote water conservation and prioritize the need to save every drop of water.
  • Efficient Management of Water Resources: It seeks to efficiently manage the available water resources in such a way that there is an equal distribution of water across the nation.
  • Climate Change Mitigation: By focusing on basin-level management strategies, the mission aims to tackle the changing patterns of rainfall and river flows due to climate change.
  • Promoting Recycling of Water: The mission promotes the recycling of wastewater to meet a significant portion of the water needs of urban areas.
  • Public Awareness and Participation: Through campaigns like Jal Shakti Abhiyan, the mission seeks to increase public awareness and participation in water conservation efforts.

Major Campaigns Run Under National Water Mission
  • Jal Shakti Abhiyan: A nationwide campaign focused on water conservation, rainwater harvesting, and promoting sustainable water use.
  • Catch the Rain: Launched annually to encourage water harvesting during the monsoon season, emphasizing the importance of capturing rainwater.
  • Swachh Neeru, Swachh Taal: A campaign aiming to improve the quality of water bodies by preventing contamination and promoting cleanliness.
  • Water Heroes: Recognizing and celebrating individuals and communities actively involved in water conservation and sustainable water management practices.
  • Jal Diwas: Celebrated on July 22nd, it raises awareness about the significance of water conservation and the responsible use of water resources.
  • Water Clinic Campaigns: Conducted to address water-related issues at the community level, offering solutions and promoting efficient water use practices.
  • Mission Paani: A collaborative initiative with media and public figures to raise awareness about water conservation and sustainable water management.
  • Jal Saksharta Abhiyan: A campaign focused on creating awareness and educating communities about the importance of water literacy and responsible water use.

Disadvantages of National Water Mission

Although the National Water Mission has significant advantages, it also faces some challenges:

  • Implementation Difficulties: Implementing such a vast mission with numerous objectives and strategies across a country as large and diverse as India is difficult.
  • Inter-State Disputes: Water is a state subject, and conflicts between states can arise when it comes to sharing water resources and implementing conservation measures.
  • Lack of Infrastructure: Many areas lack the necessary infrastructure for rainwater harvesting, recycling of wastewater, and other water conservation measures.
  • Climate Change Challenges: The unpredictability and severity of climate change impacts make it challenging to develop comprehensive, long-term water management strategies.

Conclusion

The National Water Mission is a significant step toward addressing India's water crisis. By focusing on water conservation, efficient management of resources, and climate change mitigation, the mission aims to ensure that all citizens have access to clean and sufficient water. However, successful implementation requires cooperation between states, building the necessary infrastructure, and continued public awareness efforts. By implementing the National Water Mission's strategies and objectives, India can hope to tackle its water crisis and ensure a sustainable and secure water future for its citizens.

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National Water Mission - FAQs

The main purpose of the National Water Mission is to conserve water, minimize wastage, and manage water resources to ensure equal distribution across the country. The mission aims to increase water use efficiency, promote recycling of wastewater, adopt low-temperature desalination technologies, and enhance storage both above and below ground.

The mission aims to increase water use efficiency by 20% through regulations, differential entitlements, and pricing. It promotes recycling of wastewater, adopts low-temperature desalination technologies for coastal cities, consults with states for basin-level management strategies, enhances storage above and below ground, and adopts large-scale irrigation programs.

The main advantages of the National Water Mission include water conservation, efficient management of water resources, climate change mitigation, promoting recycling of water, and increasing public awareness and participation in water conservation efforts.

The mission faces challenges such as implementation difficulties due to the vastness and diversity of India, inter-state disputes over water resources, lack of infrastructure for water conservation measures, and unpredictability and severity of climate change impacts.

The National Water Mission Awards recognize excellence in sustainable water management, efficient use of water, and water conservation. The awards are given in 10 categories, including comprehensive water database in the public domain, assessment of climate change impact on water resources, promotion of citizen and state action, and more.
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