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Home / IAS Preparation / National Mission on Natural Farming

National Mission on Natural Farming: Cultivating a Sustainable Agricultural Future

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The National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) is an initiative by the Government of India aimed at promoting sustainable and chemical-free farming practices. It encourages farmers to adopt natural farming techniques such as zero-budget farming and organic farming to improve soil health and reduce chemical inputs. The mission focuses on enhancing farmer livelihoods, conserving natural resources, and promoting biodiversity. 

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What Is National Mission On Natural Farming?

The NMNF represents a significant step towards revitalizing agriculture in India by embracing natural farming techniques. The mission builds upon the foundation laid by the Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) and aims to scale up natural farming practices across the country. It sets an ambitious target of covering 7.5 lakh hectares through the creation of 15,000 clusters. These clusters bring together like-minded farmers, each managing 50 hectares of land, fostering a sense of community and shared knowledge.

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Financial Incentives for Natural Farming

One of the critical aspects of National mission on natural farming is the provision of financial assistance to farmers who adopt natural farming practices. Farmers receive ₹15,000 per hectare annually for three years. This support is intended to facilitate the establishment of on-farm input production infrastructure, enabling farmers to transition to natural farming smoothly. However, it's important to note that these incentives are contingent upon the farmers' commitment to practicing natural farming. If a farmer defaults or abandons natural farming, subsequent installments will not be disbursed.

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Harnessing Technology for National Mission On Natural Farming

In today's digital age, technology plays a pivotal role in disseminating knowledge and fostering collaboration. Recognizing this, the NMNF launched a dedicated web portal. This portal serves as a comprehensive resource hub, offering information on the mission's implementation framework, available resources, progress tracking, and more. It also provides a platform for farmers to share their experiences and insights through blogs and discussions.

Building a Knowledge Base

Effective knowledge dissemination is key to the success of National mission on natural farming. To achieve this, the agriculture ministry is conducting extensive training programs. These programs target master trainers, champion farmers, and practicing farmers. The National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) and the National Centre of Organic and Natural Farming (NCONF) are actively involved in imparting training on natural farming techniques. This focus on education and capacity building ensures that farmers are well-equipped to embrace and implement natural farming practices.

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Bhartiya Prakritik Kheti Bio-inputs Resources Centres (BRCs)

At the heart of NMNF is the establishment of 15,000 Bhartiya Prakritik Kheti Bio-inputs Resources Centres (BRCs). These centers are instrumental in providing farmers with easy access to bio-resources essential for natural farming practices. Cow dung and urine, neem, and other natural inputs are crucial components of this approach. These bio-input resource centers are strategically positioned alongside the proposed 15,000 model clusters of natural farming, ensuring that farmers have ready access to the resources they need.

Understanding Natural Agriculture

Natural farming is a holistic approach to agriculture, emphasizing the harmonious coexistence of farming practices with nature. At its core, it seeks to eliminate the use of synthetic chemicals, pesticides, and fertilizers. Instead, it promotes indigenous practices and leverages locally available resources. Key principles of natural agriculture include:

  • On-farm biomass recycling: Farmers use organic matter from their farms as mulch and compost, enhancing soil health.
  • Cow dung-urine formulations: Natural farming harnesses the power of cow dung and urine to create nutrient-rich formulations for crops.
  • Pest management through diversity: By cultivating a variety of crops and fostering biodiversity, natural farming reduces the need for chemical pesticides.
  • Botanical concoctions: Farmers prepare natural concoctions using plant extracts to manage pests and diseases effectively.
  • Exclusion of synthetic chemicals: The hallmark of natural farming is the complete exclusion of synthetic chemicals, ensuring the production of chemical-free food.

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Significance of Natural Farming

The National Mission on Natural Farming holds immense significance for India's agricultural landscape:

  • Better Health: By eliminating synthetic chemicals, natural farming produces safer, healthier food with higher nutritional value. This translates to better health outcomes for consumers.
  • Increased Income: Natural farming aims to boost farmers' income by reducing production costs, minimizing risks, and encouraging intercropping. Diversifying revenue streams leads to improved economic stability for farmers.
  • Rejuvenated Soil Health: One of the most immediate impacts of natural farming is on soil biology. By nurturing beneficial microbes and other living organisms, it enhances soil health, leading to increased agricultural productivity.

Challenges of Natural Farming

While National mission on natural farming offers a promising path towards sustainable agriculture, it also faces several challenges:

  • Lack of Irrigation Facilities: Only 52% of India's Gross Cropped Area (GCA) is irrigated, leaving many farmers dependent on unpredictable monsoon rains. Expanding irrigation infrastructure is crucial to support natural farming practices.
  • Availability of Natural Inputs: Farmers often cite the scarcity of readily available natural inputs as a barrier to transitioning to chemical-free agriculture. Ensuring a steady supply of these inputs is essential.
  • Crop Diversification: Despite the rapid commercialization of agriculture, many farmers continue to focus on cereal crops due to skewed Minimum Support Prices. Encouraging crop diversification is essential for the success of natural farming.

Complementary Initiatives

The National Mission on Natural Farming dovetails with existing initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable agriculture:

  • Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): NMNF builds upon the foundation of BPKP, a sub-scheme under PKVY. PKVY incentivizes organic farming practices, eco-friendly pest management, and soil fertility enhancement.
  • Climate-Smart Agriculture: In the face of climate change, climate-smart agriculture has emerged as an integrated approach to agricultural management. It seeks to boost productivity, enhance resilience, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These principles align with the goals of NMNF.

Conclusion

The National Mission on Natural Farming marks a significant stride towards sustainable, chemical-free agriculture in India. By empowering farmers, providing financial incentives, and fostering a community of natural farming practitioners, National mission on natural farming promises a brighter future for Indian agriculture. However, addressing challenges related to irrigation, input availability, and crop diversification is pivotal to realizing the full potential of this mission and ensuring the sustainable growth of Indian agriculture. As National mission on natural farming continues to evolve, it holds the key to healthier food, higher incomes for farmers, and a greener, more sustainable agricultural landscape for India.

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National Mission on Natural Farming FAQs

NMNF is a government initiative to promote eco-friendly and sustainable farming practices. It encourages farmers to transition away from synthetic chemicals and adopt natural farming techniques that enhance soil health, reduce costs, and produce healthier crops. The mission provides financial incentives and training to support farmers in this transition.

NMNF offers financial assistance of ₹15,000 per hectare for three years to farmers who commit to natural farming. This support reduces production costs, increases crop yields, and improves farmers' income. Additionally, natural farming practices are healthier for both farmers and consumers.

Natural farming emphasizes on-farm biomass recycling, the use of cow dung and urine formulations, diversity in pest management, botanical concoctions for pest control, and the exclusion of synthetic chemicals. These principles promote sustainable and chemical-free agriculture.

Challenges include the need for expanded irrigation facilities to support natural farming, ensuring a steady supply of natural inputs, and encouraging crop diversification among farmers. Addressing these challenges is essential for the success of NMNF.

NMNF complements existing initiatives like Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and climate-smart agriculture. It builds upon the principles of organic farming and sustainable agriculture, enhancing the overall eco-friendliness and productivity of Indian agriculture.
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