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Home / IAS Preparation / National Digital Health Mission

National Digital Health Mission UPSC Notes: Outcomes of NDHM

Last Updated on Apr 01, 2024
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The 74th Independence Day, August 15, 2020, was the National Digital Health Mission launch date. The NDHM is an integral part of the National Digital Health Blueprint unveiled in 2019. This mission is designed to create a fully technology-driven digital health ecosystem, promising a revolutionary impact on the nation's healthcare sector. As part of this initiative, every Indian will receive a Health ID card containing comprehensive information about their medical history, treatments, and diagnoses. The National Digital Health Mission has already introduced digital modules and registries and has been implemented in six Union Territories. Future plans incorporate e-pharmacy and telemedicine infrastructure, with regulatory guidelines currently under development.

In this article on the National Digital Health Mission UPSC, we shall discuss in detail the National Digital Health Mission and its expected outcomes that are important for the UPSC IAS Exam.

Background of the National Digital Health Mission India
  • The National Health Policy of 2017 envisages:
    • The utmost level of health and wellbeing for everyone at all ages.
    • Preventive and promotive health care inclination in all development policies.
    • Universal access to health care.
  • The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare formed a committee under J. Satyanarayana to develop a framework for implementing the National Health Stack.
  • The committee under Satyanarayana recommended devising a National Digital Health Mission Blueprint that lays down the building blocks and a plan of action for a digital health mission.
  • The National Digital Mission Blueprint recommended the creation of an entity called National Digital Health Mission to create a digital health ecosystem for healthcare services throughout the country.

National Health Policy 2017

To offer health care in an “assured manner” to all, the NHP 2017 strives to tackle the rising challenges arising from the ever-changing socio-economic, technological, and epidemiological situations.

Features of the Policy

  • The policy urges a gradually incremental assurance-based approach.
  • It signifies a major change towards a comprehensive fundamental health care package, which includes care for key non-communicable diseases, mental health, elderly health care, palliative care, and rehabilitative care services.
  • It envisages the provision of higher packages of assured extensive primary health care through the ‘Health and Wellness Centres.’
  • The policy proposes free medication, diagnostics, and emergency and essential health care services in all public hospitals to give access and fiscal protection.
  • It also envisages the inclusion of AYUSH systems encompassing cross referrals, co-location, and integral practices across systems of medicines.
  • It also seeks an efficient grievance redressal system.

Health Expenditure: The policy proposes raising public health spending to 2.5% of the GDP by 2025.

Objectives

  • To raise life expectancy at birth from 67.5 to 70 by 2025 and lessen the infant mortality rate to 28 by 2019.
  • To lessen the fatality rate of children under-five to 23 by 2025.
  • To assign a major share of resources to primary care and aims to ensure the availability of two beds per 1,000 people to enable access within the golden hour (the first hour after a traumatic injury).
  • To attain the global 2020 HIV target under 90-90-90 UNAIDS Target according to which by the year 2020,
    • 90% of people affected with HIV will know their HIV status.
    • 90% of people diagnosed with HIV infection will get continuous antiretroviral treatment.
    • 90% of people receiving antiretroviral treatment will have viral suppression.

Read about the linked article on  Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana now.

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Implementing Agency of NDHM
  • The National Health Authority (NHA) has been tasked with designing the approach, building the technological framework, and implementing the National Digital Health Mission.
  • It will ensure cooperation with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the States/UTs.
  • It will bolster the capacity building of different stakeholders for health informatics.

Vision of the National Digital Health Mission India

To establish a national digital health ecosystem that supports global health coverage in an effective, approachable, inclusive, reasonable, timely, and safe manner, providing a broad range of data, information, and infrastructure services, suitably leveraging open, cross-functional, standards-based digital systems and ensures the safety, confidentiality, and privacy of health related personal information.

Check out the linked article on the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.

Aim of the National Digital Health Mission

The India National Digital Health Mission was launched with the following objectives:

  • The development of Digital Health Systems and the core digital health information managed by these systems.
  • Managing the Infrastructure requirements of Digital Health Systems for smooth and uninterrupted exchange of services.
  • Creation of registries that will have all reliable data of clinical institutions, healthcare professionals, health workers, medicines, and pharmacies.
  • Imposition of adoption of open standards by all national digital health stakeholders.
  • Creation of uniform individual health records
  • This will draw inspiration from international standards.
  • On the basis of an individual’s consent, the records can be readily shared between individual healthcare professionals and service providers.
  • Achieving health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using enterprise-class health application systems.
  • Adopting cooperative federalism when coordinating with states and union territories.
  • Promoting the participation of private players along with public health institutions.
  • Making healthcare services portable across the country.
  • Development of Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems by healthcare experts.
  • Digitally identifying people, doctors, and health facilities, facilitating computerized signatures, ensuring non repudiable contracts, making paper-free payments, securely storing digital records, and contacting people are some of the other objectives of the mission.

Read about the linked article on Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana here!

Salient Features of the National Digital Health Mission
  • The organizational structure of the mission runs at various levels, commencing from the apex level, followed by the board of directors, CEO, and operations.
  • It is a healthcare infrastructure system that is IT-enabled.
  • A unique health ID will be generated for every citizen interested in accessing the benefits of this mission. The health ID will be a repository of all health-related data.
  • Health data consent managers will be connected with the unique health IDs of the patients, and they will aid in the smooth exchange of health records between the patient and the doctors.
  • The mission aims to provide healthcare services through a mobile app or an official site.
  • The National Digital Health Mission will permit patients to access health care services remotely via tele-consultation and e-pharmacies and avail of other health-related benefits.
  • Digi Doctor is the one who is accountable for providing healthcare amenities throughout the country. An interested healthcare professional can act as a digital doctor who provides prescriptions to patients in a different location. He/she will be allowed to use digital signatures that can be used to prescribe medicines.

Check out this linked article on Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana here!

Components of the National Digital Health Mission

Health ID

  • It is vital to standardize a person's identification process across healthcare providers.
  • The Health ID will uniquely identify people, authenticate them, and thread their health records with their consent across several systems and stakeholders.

Electronic Medical Records (EMR)

  • An EMR is a digital edition of a patient’s record.
  • It holds the patient’s medical and treatment record from a SINGLE health care facility.
  • The usual approach is to establish a web application that runs on standards like the data construct, interoperability standards, and standard medical terminologies.
  • The EMR is an extensive view of the patient’s health information at a health facility.

Health Facility Registry (HFR)

  • It is a broad repository of the existing health facilities of the nation through various systems of medicine.
  • It comprises public and private health care facilities, including hospitals, clinics, diagnostic laboratories and imaging centers, pharmacies, etc.
  • Registering in the Health Facility Registry will authorize them to get connected to India’s digital health ecosystem.

Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR)

  • It is a comprehensive repository of all healthcare professionals delivering healthcare services across present-day and conventional systems of medicine.
  • Enrolling in the Healthcare Professionals Registry will help them connect to India’s digital health ecosystem.

NDHM Health Records (PHR – Personal Health Record)

  • A PHR is a computerized record of health-related information of an individual that complies with the nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be extracted from multiple sources while being managed, shared, and controlled by the individual.
  • The tasks that are supported by a Personal Health Record (PHR) system will permit an individual to manage data about his or her health.
  • This contains viewing of a longitudinal record that includes all health data, lab reports, details of treatment, and discharge summaries across one or multiple health care facilities.

Efficacy and Accountability

The enforcement of NDHM is predicted to considerably enhance the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of health care service delivery overall. It will entitle individuals to precise information, thereby allowing informed decision-making and increasing the responsibility of health care providers.

Options for People

NDHM will offer choices for people to access public and private health care services, facilitating compliance with guidelines and protocols.

Ease the services

The integrated ecosystem will also enable an improved continuum of care. NDHM will assist in digitizing the process of claims and promote rapid reimbursement. This will boost the overall ease of providing services to health care providers.

Helps the Government

The policymakers and program managers will have improved access to data, favoring more informed decision-making by the Government. It will lead to suitable decision-making and enhance the implementation of health care programs and policies.

Improved Research and Development 

Researchers will considerably benefit from the availability of such pooled information as they will be able to review and assess the efficiency of various programs and interventions.

Integration of all the components of the health care sector.

NDHM is a comprehensive, voluntary health care program that will integrate doctors, hospitals, pharmacies, insurance companies, etc., thus making a digital health infrastructure.

Check this linked article on Swachh Bharath Abhiyan now.

Expected outcomes of the National Digital Health Mission India
  • As per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the effective and successful enforcement of the mission can give the following outcomes.
  • The people can access their health related records within five clicks.
  • In contrast to going for diagnostic tests multiple times with individual visits to the doctors, through this mission, a citizen will have to undergo a diagnostic test only once and can proceed with treatments from various health care providers.
  • All the health care services are provided at a unique point.
  • Continuum of care is ensured in primary, secondary, and tertiary care.

Study in detail about Samagra Shiksha Abhiyaan.

Challenges faced by the National Digital Health Mission
  • A beneficiary’s permission is vital for all accesses and ensuring that information is released.
  • Personalized information collected at several levels is a “sitting gold mine” for insurance companies, international researchers, and pharma companies.
  • The lack of access to technology, poverty, and the inability to understand the language in a huge and diverse country like India need to be looked into.
  • The migration of data and inter-state transfer are still facing several errors and flaws in addition to data security concerns.
  • India has not been able to unify the scope and quality of the prevailing digital cards like One Nation, One Ration card, PM-JAY card, Aadhaar card, etc., for accessibility of services and entitlements.
  • Data protection by expressed informed consent doesn’t work in a nation plagued by the severe shortage of healthcare professionals to notify the client fully.
  • With a very meager spending of about 1.3% of the GDP on the health care sector, India cannot ensure the standard and uniform access to healthcare that it hoped to bring about.

Check this linked article on Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat now.

Way Forward
  • The National Digital Health Mission still does not acknowledge ‘Health’ as a justifiable right. There must be a push draft at making health a right, as laid down in the draft National Health Policy of 2015.
  • One of the major issues is in relation to patient data security and privacy. It must be taken care that the patients' health records remain completely confidential and secure.
  • The failure of a similar National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom must be taken as a lesson to learn from. The technical and enforcement related shortcomings need to be proactively handled prior to unveiling the mission on a pan India scale.
  • The unification of the NDHM framework across the country will require finding ways to house rules specific to the states. It also needs to be in sync with other government schemes like Ayushman Bharat Yojana and other IT-enabled programs like Reproductive Child Health Care and NIKSHAY, etc.

Check this linked article on Stand up India Scheme.

We hope your doubts regarding the National Digital Health Mission would have been addressed after going through the above article. Testbook provides comprehensive preparation material for different competitive examinations. Ace your UPSC preparation by downloading the Testbook App now!

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National Digital Health Mission UPSC FAQs

The aim of the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) is to create a digital health ecosystem in India that enables individuals to have access to their health records, promotes efficient healthcare delivery, and ensures privacy and security of health data.

Yes, the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) and Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) refer to the same initiative. The name "Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission" is used interchangeably with the NDHM.

The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, also known as the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM), was officially launched on 27th August 2020.

The Pradhan Mantri National Digital Health Mission (PMNDHM) is the official name for the initiative that aims to create a digital health ecosystem in India, enabling individuals to have access to their health records and promoting efficient healthcare delivery.

The National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) was launched by the Government of India. It is an initiative of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and is not launched by the World Health Organization (WHO).
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