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Home / IAS Preparation / Government Schemes of India / National Bamboo Mission

National Bamboo Mission (NBM) - History, Objectives, Key Elements, Benefits, Outputs & More

Last Updated on Nov 03, 2023
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The National Bamboo Mission strives to emphasize the entire value chain of the bamboo sector, connecting growers with consumers through a cluster-based approach. This includes providing planting material, establishing plantations, creating facilities for collection and aggregation, processing, marketing, supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises, developing skilled manpower, and initiating brand-building initiatives. NBM was established as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme in 2006-07. However, it was absorbed by the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) in 2014-15 and operated till 2015-16. After that, funds were released to keep bamboo plantings established under NBM. It was, however, mostly limited to bamboo propagation and cultivation, with few seasoning and treatment units and bamboo bazaars.

In this article, we will understand the working of the National Bamboo Mission. All these dimensions are important for competitive examinations like IAS, IPS, IFS etc. Considering this, the Testbook provides the best quality notes for UPSC Exams. Study major topics of the environment from the perspective of UPSC Exams.

What is National Bamboo Mission (NBM)?

The National Bamboo Mission (NBM) is a program initiated by the Government of India to promote the cultivation and utilization of bamboo resources in the country. The mission aims to encourage the sustainable development of bamboo, both as a source of livelihood for rural communities and as a means of promoting environmental conservation. NBM focuses on various activities such as promoting bamboo plantation, providing technical support, creating market linkages, and developing bamboo-based industries. The mission also aims to enhance the income of bamboo farmers and improve the overall quality of bamboo products, thereby contributing to rural development and environmental sustainability.

Background of NBM

  • The restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM) was launched in 2018-19.
  • It aims to promote the holistic development of the bamboo sector through a cluster-based approach in a hub (industry) and spoke model.
  • With technical assistance and facilitative measures, the Mission is streamlining its operations to boost domestic industrial activity and increase farmer income.
  • Farmers receive a 50% direct subsidy at Rs 1.00 lakh per hectare, government agencies receive a 100% subsidy, and entrepreneurs receive a 100% subsidy for establishing various product development units, etc.
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Major Objectives of National Bamboo Mission
  • The objective is to stimulate the expansion of the bamboo industry by implementing a regionally tailored approach.
  • This involves expanding bamboo cultivation in suitable regions and using improved varieties to boost productivity.
  • Additionally, efforts will be made to encourage the marketing of bamboo and products crafted from bamboo.
  • The aim is to foster collaboration and cooperation among stakeholders involved in the bamboo sector's development.
  • Furthermore, the strategy involves promoting, developing, and sharing technologies that combine traditional expertise with modern scientific knowledge.
  • An important goal is to create job prospects for both skilled and unskilled individuals, with a particular focus on unemployed youth.

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Key Elements of the National Bamboo Mission

The critical aspects of the National Bamboo mission are listed as follows:

  • Research and Development
  • Plantation infrastructure development
  • Production of Planting Material
  • Area expansion under Bamboo
  • Improvement of Existing Stock
  • Technology Transfer & HRD
  • Pest and disease management of Bamboo
  • Creation of Water Resources
  • Innovative Interventions
  • Post-harvest storage and treatment facilities for Bamboo
  • Establishment of marketing infrastructure

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Key Outputs of National Bamboo Mission
  • NBM would be a dedicated initiative focusing on the overall growth of the bamboo sector through a cross-sectoral and multi-disciplinary approach.
  • Keeping in mind the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s aim of doubling farmers’ income and implementing ‘Har Medh Par Ped,’ NBM would complement income and livelihood sources, including risk management during crop damage caused by extreme occurrences.
  • Bamboo can thrive on marginal ground, making it an agroforestry/farm forestry crop.
  • Bamboo cultivation will increase farm productivity and revenue, improving livelihood options for small and marginal farmers, especially landless people and women.

States/Districts Covered under National Bamboo Mission
  • The National Bamboo Mission will concentrate on developing bamboo in a few states where it has social, commercial, and economic benefits, particularly in the North Eastern region and states such as Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
  • During the 2018-19 and 2019-20 fiscal years, the bamboo mission is anticipated to construct over 4000 product development units and plant over 100,000 hectares of land.

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Benefits of National Bamboo Mission

The scheme aims to deliver the following benefits:

  • It is designed to support a wide range of stakeholders, including farmers, government bodies, artisans, entrepreneurs, private entities, Federated Self Help Groups (SHGs), Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and individuals engaged in the bamboo industry.
  • The scheme will facilitate the establishment of bamboo nurseries, bamboo cultivation, post-harvest processing, product manufacturing, capacity development, entrepreneurship, and other relevant activities within the bamboo industry.
  • It is geared toward fostering self-sufficiency in meeting the demand for bamboo and bamboo-related products.

Policies under National Bamboo Mission

The National Bamboo Mission will implement the following policies to attain the aforementioned goals:

  • Adopt a coordinated approach to production and marketing to ensure adequate returns to growers or producers.
  • Encourage R&D and the development of new technologies for increased production.
  • Increase bamboo acreage and productivity through change and improved agricultural practices.
  • Promote cooperatives and self-help groups to secure farmer support and adequate returns.
  • Encourage collaboration, convergence, and synergy between R&D and marketing agencies.
  • Set up national and state-level systems to assure proper rewards for farmers’ produce and, to the greatest degree practicable, eliminate middlemen.

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National Bamboo Mission Cell
  • A National Bamboo Mission Cell (NBMC) led by the Mission Director, NBM, will be established at the DAC&FW, Government of India.
  • A suitably qualified and internationally recognized expert will be appointed as a Senior Advisor to provide guidance for effective implementation, with remuneration subject to EC approval as per NMSA expert provisions.
  • Two Advisors, each with expertise in bamboo plantation and product development, will also be brought on board.
  • Furthermore, additional consultants, technical assistants, and staff will be contracted for the Mission's duration.
  • NBMC will serve as the hub for information related to the bamboo value chain, with support from various other Government of India Ministries and Departments.
  • NCDC will establish a Bamboo Division dedicated to the cooperative sector.

Restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM)

The National Bamboo Mission (NBM) was revamped in 2018-19 to focus on developing the entire value chain of the bamboo sector and connecting growers with markets.

The Mission's main objectives are:

  • Expand bamboo cultivation on non-forest government and private lands to increase agricultural income and combat climate change. Ensure a steady supply of high-quality raw materials for industries.
  • Establish primary processing units, treatment plants, preservation technologies, and market infrastructure near production sources to enhance post-harvest management.
  • Foster product development by supporting research and development (R&D), entrepreneurship, and business models at the micro, small, and medium levels, thus benefitting the broader industry.
  • Revitalize India's underdeveloped bamboo industry.
  • Promote skill development, capacity building, and awareness across the bamboo sector, from production to meeting market demands.
  • Reorient activities to reduce dependence on bamboo imports by increasing productivity and utilizing indigenous raw materials that are suitable for industries, thereby boosting primary farmers' income.

Significance of the Bamboo Sector
  • Bamboo production in India: Bamboo is one of India’s net importers. It indicates that more options exist to capitalize on market potential by growing output and ensuring the construction of a proper value chain ecosystem.
  • Bamboo is used as a construction material in most of India’s hilly states, and it has a potential niche market in other nations as well, with diverse traditional uses.
  • Bamboo is finding new uses in buildings, furniture, textiles, food, energy production, and herbal medicine.
  • This is especially significant in light of the potential for bamboo-based livelihoods and jobs to revitalise the rural economy and double farmers’ income.

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Bamboo Technical Support Group (BTSG)

The Bamboo Technical Support Group (BTSG) is a national-level government agency that will provide technical assistance to the Mission. BTSG will perform the following duties:

  • Provide guidance and support to partner countries: BTSG will visit partner countries regularly. To provide mission supervision, organizational and technical advice, and bamboo species best adapted to the region.
  • Foster inter-sectoral collaboration: BTSG will work to increase inter-sectoral collaboration for innovation in the bamboo sector.
  • Compile materials for regional workshops: BTSG will compile materials for regional workshops on handicrafts, bamboo plantings, product development, marketing, and exports.
  • Conduct research: BTSG will research various aspects of the bamboo sector, including the development of new bamboo species, the use of bamboo in construction, and the marketing of bamboo products.
  • Assist states in capacity building: BTSG will assist states in organizing capacity-building initiatives for bamboo growers, processors, and entrepreneurs.
  • Launch public relations campaigns: BTSG will launch public relations campaigns to promote the goals of the bamboo mission.
  • Document and disseminate case studies: BTSG will document and disseminate case studies of successful bamboo projects.
  • Provide specialized training: BTSG will provide specialized training on a regional scale on topics such as bamboo cultivation, bamboo processing, and bamboo product development.

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Other Initiatives to Promote Bamboo
  • The Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare has virtually inaugurated 22 bamboo clusters in 9 states: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Assam, Nagaland, Tripura, Uttarakhand, and Karnataka.
  • The Central government has recently increased the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Minor Forest Produce (MFP).
  • MFP encompasses non-timber forest produce like bamboo, canes, fodder, leaves, waxes, resins, and various food items such as nuts, wild fruits, lac, tusser, and more.
  • In 2017, the Indian Forest Act 1927 was amended to remove bamboo from the 'tree' category, allowing cultivation and business in bamboo and its products without the need for felling and transit permissions.
  • Over the next 5 years, 10,000 new Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) will be established.
  • FPOs play a vital role in assisting farmers by promoting better farming practices, aggregating input purchases, providing transportation, connecting with markets, and improving price realization by eliminating intermediaries.

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FAQs on National Bamboo Mission

The National Bamboo Mission was created to promote the holistic growth of bamboo by implementing an area-based regionally unique approach. It also attempted to increase bamboo planting in a certain area. Several initiatives were taken under the NBM to boost the availability of high-quality planting material.

The National Bamboo Mission seeks to increase the area under bamboo cultivation on non-forest land in order to complement agricultural income, contribute to climate change resistance, and ensure the availability of high-quality raw materials for industry.

Assam is the largest producing state of bamboo in India.

The National Bamboo Mission was established as a centrally supported initiative to strengthen domestic production of more than 136 varieties of bamboo species across the country and increase the income of farmers and other stakeholders involved in the industry.

Bamboo is a grass, not a tree, according to science. However, the Indian Forest Act of 1927 classified it as a tree. As a result, cutting and carrying bamboo from outside forests has been rendered illegal. The Indian Forest Act, 1927, was amended in 2017, and bamboo was removed from the category of tree.
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