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Home / IAS Preparation / Money Bill

Money Bill - Article 110 | Definition, Types, Role & Provisions!

Last Updated on Jan 08, 2024
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Money Bill is defined in Article 110 of the Indian Constitution. It deals with financial issues such as taxation, government spending, and so on. Money Bills are governed by 3 articles 108, 109, 110, 111, and 117 of the Constitution and Rules 72, 96, 103 to 108 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha. 

Money Bill is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS Examination. In this article on the Money Bill, we shall discuss its features, definition, characteristics & other details. This will be very useful for aspirants in the UPSC Prelims Exam.

Also, study the Difference between Ordinary Bill & Money Bill from the linked article.

What is Money Bill?

According to Article 110(1) of the Constitution, a Bill qualifies as a Money Bill if it exclusively addresses matters such as the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration, or regulation of taxes. Additionally, it covers the regulation of borrowing money or giving guarantees by the Government of India, amending laws related to financial obligations, managing the Consolidated Fund or Contingency Fund of India, appropriating money from the Consolidated Fund, declaring expenditures charged on the Consolidated Fund, and dealing with the receipt, custody, or audit of money related to the Consolidated Fund or public account of India.

Certification of Money Bills

  • A Money Bill can be introduced in Lok Sabha only.
  • If any question arises about whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Lok Sabha Speaker thereon is final.
  • The Speaker is under no obligation to consult anyone in coming to a decision or in giving a certificate that a Bill is a Money Bill.
  • The certificate of the Speaker to the effect that a Bill is a Money Bill, is to be endorsed and signed by the Speaker when it is transmitted to Rajya Sabha and also when it is presented to the President for assent.
  • The Speaker’s certificate on a Money Bill once given is final and cannot be challenged.
  • A Money Bill cannot be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses.
  • Categories of Money Bills in India

Study about the Treasury Bills here.

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Important Characteristics of Money Bills in India
  • Only the Lok Sabha, the Lower House of Parliament, can introduce a Money Bill. This provision grants the Lok Sabha financial supremacy over the Rajya Sabha. This ensures swift action on financial matters.
  • A Money Bill requires only a simple majority in the Lok Sabha for its passage. This enables the government to quickly implement its financial policies without being subject to delays in the Rajya Sabha.
  • While the Rajya Sabha can recommend amendments to a Money Bill, the Lok Sabha is not bound to accept them. This reinforces the Lok Sabha's financial dominance. It ensures that the government's financial plans are not significantly hampered.
  • The Speaker of the Lok Sabha possesses the sole authority to certify whether a bill is a Money Bill or not. This power is final and cannot be challenged in court. This grants the Speaker significant influence over the legislative process related to finance.
  • The Rajya Sabha has a maximum of 14 days to consider and return a Money Bill to the Lok Sabha. If it is not returned within this timeframe, the Bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses.
  • Once passed by the Lok Sabha, a Money Bill is sent to the President for his assent. However, the President cannot withhold his assent to a Money Bill. This ensures that the government can implement financial policies without any presidential veto.
  • A Money Bill must solely deal with matters related to finance. This includes taxation, public debt, appropriation of funds, and withdrawal of money. Provisions unrelated to finance, such as changes in existing laws or policies, cannot be included in a Money Bill.

Major Types of Money Bills in India

The Indian Constitution recognizes four major types of Money Bills.

Appropriation Bill

  • Authorizes the government to withdraw money from the Consolidated Fund of India for specific purposes.
  • Examples: Salary and allowances of government employees, pensions, grants to states, expenditure on defense and infrastructure projects.
  • Requires only a simple majority in the Lok Sabha for passage and does not need the assent of the Rajya Sabha.

Finance Bill

  • Contains the annual budget of the government. It outlines the estimated revenue and expenditure for the upcoming fiscal year.
  • Introduces new taxes or changes in existing tax rates.
  • Requires only a simple majority in the Lok Sabha for passage and does not need the assent of the Rajya Sabha.

Supplementary Demand for Grants

  • Requests additional funds for existing expenditure heads not covered in the original budget.
  • May be introduced during the course of the fiscal year to meet unforeseen expenses or emergencies.
  • Requires only a simple majority in the Lok Sabha for passage and does not need the assent of the Rajya Sabha.

Vote on Account

  • Authorizes the government to withdraw money from the Consolidated Fund of India to meet essential expenditures for a limited period. This is typically until the passage of the regular budget.
  • Introduced at the beginning of a new financial year if the regular budget is not yet finalized.
  • Requires only a simple majority in the Lok Sabha for passage and does not need the assent of the Rajya Sabha.

Also, read the Difference Between Finance Bill and Money Bill here.

Major Provisions for Money Bill in India
  • Only the Lower House (Lok Sabha) can introduce a Money Bill. This provision grants the Lok Sabha financial supremacy over the Upper House (Rajya Sabha).
  • A Money Bill needs only a simple majority in the Lok Sabha for its passage. The Rajya Sabha can only recommend amendments to the Bill, but the Lok Sabha is not bound to accept them.
  • The Speaker of the Lok Sabha has the power to certify whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not. This power is final and cannot be challenged in court.
  • The Rajya Sabha has 14 days to consider and return a Money Bill to the Lok Sabha. If it is not returned within this period, the Bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses.
  • Once passed by the Lok Sabha, the Money Bill is sent to the President for his assent. He cannot withhold his assent to a Money Bill.

Also, read the arbitration and conciliation bill!

Money Bill and Rajya Sabha
  • Rajya Sabha is required to return a Money Bill passed and transmitted by Lok Sabha within a period of fourteen days from the date of its receipt.
  • The period of fourteen days is computed from the date of receipt of the Bill in the Rajya Sabha Secretariat and not from the date on which it is laid on the Table of Rajya Sabha.
  • Rajya Sabha may return a Money Bill transmitted to it with or without its recommendations.
  • If a Money Bill is returned by Rajya Sabha without any recommendation, it is presented to the President for assent.
  • If a Money Bill is returned by Rajya Sabha with recommendations, it is laid on the Table of Lok Sabha.
  • Any Minister in the case of a Government Bill or any member in the case of a private member’s Bill after giving two days’ notice, or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, moves that the amendments recommended by Rajya Sabha be taken into consideration.
  • Provisions of article 108 regarding a joint sitting of both Houses do not apply to a Money Bill.

Also, check out the Difference Between Lok Sabha And Rajya Sabha here.

Assent to Money Bill in India
  • Lok Sabha Secretariat is responsible for obtaining the assent of all Money Bills after they have been passed or are deemed to have been passed by the Houses of Parliament.
  • The President may either give or withhold assent to a Money Bill. Under the Constitution, a Money Bill cannot be returned to the House by the President for reconsideration.

Conditions Under Which a Bill is Not Considered a Money Bill in India

Article 110 specifies certain provisions under which a bill cannot be classified as a money bill. Here are the three main conditions under which a bill is not considered a Money Bill:

  • A bill that imposes fines or other pecuniary penalties, does not qualify as a Money Bill. This is because fines are considered punitive measures, not sources of government revenue.
  • Bills that demand the payment of fees for licenses or services rendered, such as passport fees or court fees, are not Money Bills. These fees are considered charges for specific services. They are not contributions to the Consolidated Fund of India.
  • Bills that deal with the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration, or regulation of any tax by local authorities for local purposes fall outside the purview of Money Bills. This is because these taxes are not considered part of the central government's finances. They are managed by local bodies for their specific needs.

Read more about the Assent to Bills here.

Issues Associated with Misuse of Money Bill

The misuse of the money bill can lead to certain issues. Some of these issues include:

  • The provisions of a money bill should not be used to bypass the normal legislative process or avoid the scrutiny of the Rajya Sabha.
  • There have been instances where controversial bills, such as the Aadhaar Act, were passed as money bills. This raised questions about the legality of using a money bill for matters that may not strictly fall under financial issues.
  • The speaker has sole discretion in certifying a bill as a money bill. This has led to allegations of partisan decision-making.
  • Money bills should not contain provisions that are unrelated to financial matters. However, there have been cases where non-financial provisions were included in money bills. This goes against the principle of separation of powers.

Also, read the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019!

Controversies Related To Money Bill in India

  • A new proposed law known as the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial & Other Subsidies Benefits & Services) Bill, 2016 was introduced as a money bill in March 2016 as a result of the Government’s sizable majority in the Lok Sabha.
  • The opposition also claimed that a money measure shouldn’t include over 40 amendments to other laws because they had nothing to do with money.
  • Legislation is left out of the parliamentary review because only the Lok Sabha must approve the Money Bills.
  • This is a matter of concern as even the Rajya Sabha forms an important part of the Parliament.
  • So, important legislations like the one on the Aadhar Act need to be discussed and passed both in the Lok Sabha as well as the Rajya Sabha.

Study the Article on UPSC Polity Strategy here. Check out the test series for UPSC IAS Exam here. We hope that all your doubts regarding the Money Bill will be cleared after going through this article. You can download the Testbook App now to check out various other topics relevant to the UPSC IAS Exam.

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Money Bill FAQs

Money Bills are Finance Bills as defined in Article 110 of the Constitution. They deal with matters of taxation and public expenditure.

A Money Bill can only be introduced in the Lower House, that is the Lok Sabha.

Money Bill is governed under Article 110 of the Indian Constitution.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha decides whether a financial bill is a Money Bill or not..

The Money Bill provides details about the provisions related to taxation including abolition and remission of taxes. It also has provisions related to the regulation of of borrowing of money by the Central Government.

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