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Home / IAS Preparation / Lachit Borphukan

Lachit Borphukan 1622-1672 UPSC Notes: Early Life and Legacy

Last Updated on Oct 16, 2024
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Lachit Borphukan was born on 24th November 1622 at Charaideo in Assam and was a Commander and Borphukan of the Ahom kingdom, which was located in present-day Assam, India. He was known for his leadership in the 1671 Battle of Saraighat, which foiled a drawn-out effort by Mughal forces under the command of Ramsingh I to take over Ahom’s kingdom. He died about a year thereafter due to illness. To this day, he is remembered for his courage and leadership in the face of insurmountable odds.

You can also register for the Testbook’s flagship optional history coaching for UPSC and kick-start your UPSC IAS preparation journey today.

In this article, let us look at the history of Lachit Borphukan, the Ahom Kingdom, the battles of Alaboi and Saraighat, Lachit Divas, Mahabir Lachit Award and the Lachit Borphukan Gold Medal for the UPSC Civil Services Examination.

जनरल लचित बोरफुकन के बारे में हिंदी में भी पढ़ें!

Check out Modern History Notes for studying more topics for the UPSC Exam!

Who was Lachit Borphukan?

Born on 24th November 1622, Bir Lachit Borphukan is known for his leadership in the Battle of Saraighat of 1671, in which an attempt by Mughal forces to annex Assam was disrupted. He was the inspiration behind bolstering India’s naval force, reviving inland water transport and establishing infrastructure related to it due to his brilliant naval strategies.

Also, check out the Medieval History UPSC Notes here.

Early Life of Lachit Borphukan

Lachit Borphukan was a brave and renowned military commander from the northeastern region of India. He lived during the 17th century in the kingdom of Ahom, which is present-day Assam.

Lachit Borphukan played a significant role in defending the Ahom kingdom against the Mughal invasion led by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. The Mughals wanted to conquer the Ahom kingdom and expand their empire.

Lachit Borphukan showed great leadership and strategic skills in organizing the Ahom army to fight against the Mughals. 

During the Battle of Saraighat in 1671, Lachit Borphukan led the Ahom forces. The Mughal army fought under the command of Ram Singh, the Mughal general. Lachit Borphukan and his soldiers fought fiercely and successfully defended the Ahom kingdom.

Lachit Borphukan's military tactics and his ability to unite the Ahom forces played a crucial role in the victory against the Mughals. His leadership and bravery are still celebrated today, and he is considered a hero in Assam.

Also, study the Battle of Palkhed 1728 here.

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Battle of Saraighat
  • The Battle of Saraighat was a naval battle fought in 1671. It was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Ahom Kingdom on the Brahmaputra river at Saraighat, now in Guwahati, Assam.
  • The battle was the last major engagement in which the Mughals attempted to extend their empire into Assam.
  • The Mughal Empire had been expanding its territory in India for several centuries. By the 17th century, it had reached the borders of the Ahom Kingdom. 
  • The Mughals were interested in Assam's natural resources, such as gold and salt, as well as its strategic location on the Brahmaputra River. 
  • The Ahoms were determined to resist Mughal expansion and protect their independence.
  • The Mughal army was led by Raja Ram Singh I, while the Ahom army was led by Lachit Borphukan.
  • The two armies clashed on the Brahmaputra River at Saraighat on April 5, 1671.
  • The Ahom army, despite being outnumbered, used its knowledge of the river and its innovative war tactics to defeat the Mughal fleet.
  • The Mughal army suffered heavy casualties and was forced to retreat.
  • The Battle of Saraighat was a decisive victory for the Ahom Kingdom. It halted Mughal expansion into Assam for nearly a century.
  • The battle is considered a turning point in Ahom history. It is celebrated as a symbol of Ahom’s resistance against Mughal rule.
  • Lachit Borphukan is revered as a national hero in Assam. He is remembered for his bravery, leadership, and strategic brilliance.

Check out the linked article on the First Battle of Tarain for UPSC exams now!

About Lachit Borphukan Sword

King Chakradhwaj Singha of the Ahom kingdom chose Lachit Borphukan to head the forces of the Kingdom of Ahom to set Guwahati free from the Mughal occupation. The ruler presented Lachit with a gold-hafted sword known as Hengdang and the traditional paraphernalia of distinction. Owing to the 400th birth anniversary celebration of the commander, the base laid for the war memorial will also feature a 100 ft long ‘Hengdang’ (Ahom sword).

Check out the linked article on the Paika Rebellion for UPSC exams now!

Death of Lachit Borphukan

Shortly after the victory in the Battle of Saraighat, Lachit passed away in Kaliabor. He was laid to rest in Teok, Jorhat, in a maidam—a burial ground traditionally reserved for Ahom royals and nobles.

Legacy of Lachit Borphukan
  • On February 25th, President Ram Nath Kovind kickstarted the 400th birth anniversary celebrations of the 17th century Ahom general Lachit Borphukan and laid the base for a war memorial and a 150-foot bronze statue of the commander in Assam. Along with the statue, the memorial will also have a 100 ft long ‘Hengdang’ (Ahom sword).
  • Lately, the Prime Minister called the 17th-century Ahom general Lachit Borphukan a symbol of India’s “Atma Nirbhar military might”.

Lachit Divas

Every year, November 24th is celebrated as Lachit Divas (Lachit Day) in Assam to celebrate the valour of Lachit Borphukan and the victory of the Assamese armed forces at the Battle of Saraighat.

Also, check out the Battle of Haldighati 1576 here.

Lachit Borphukan’s Maidam

Lachit Borphukan’s Maidam was built in remembrance of Lachit Borphukan at Jorhat, Assam. It is 8 km away from the well-known Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary. The last remains of Borphukan were laid under this tomb (Maidam) built by Swargadeo Udayaditya Singha in 1672.

Also, check out the Battle Of Kili 1299 here.

Mahabir Lachit Award

The Tai Ahom Yuva Parishad (TAYPA) presents the Mahabir Lachit award to notable personalities of Assam every year.

Lachit Borphukan Gold Medal

Since 1999, every year, the best passing out cadet of the National Defense Academy is granted the Lachit Borphukan gold medal.

Check out the linked article on the Moplah Rebellion for UPSC exams now!

Lachit Borphukan 1622-1672 UPSC Practice Questions

Q1. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Battle of Saraighat.

We hope that all your doubts regarding the topic of Lachit Borphukan have been addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides standard quality study notes for various competitive examinations. You can check out our UPSC Online Coaching and download the Testbook App now to check out various other topics relevant to the UPSC IAS Exam.

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Lachit Borphukan- FAQs

Born on 24th November 1622 Lachit Borphukan is celebrated for his leadership in the Battle of Saraighat of 1671 in which an effort by the Mughal forces to seize Assam was thwarted.

The Lachit Borphukan gold medal is conferred to the top cadet from the National Defense Academy. The medal was introduced in 1999 to motivate the defence personnel to emulate Borphukan’s heroic activities and sacrifices.

In 1671, the battle of Saraighat took place on the banks of the Brahmaputra in Guwahati. It is regarded as one of the greatest river battles, resulting in Ahoms' victory over the Mughals.

King Chakradhwaj Singha of the Ahom kingdom chose Lachit Borphukan to head the forces of the Kingdom of Ahom to set Guwahati free from Mughal occupation.

Lachit Barphukan's statue is situated in Jorhat, Assam, India. He led the Ahom army to a decisive victory in the 1671 Battle of Saraighat against the Mughals.

Lachit Borphukan led the Ahoms to victory over the Mughals in 1671.

Lachit Borphukan made a significant contribution as a military general and leader of the Ahom kingdom in successfully defending Assam against the Mughal forces.

The Mughals captured Guwahati in 1679, but the exact details of who surrendered the city are not mentioned in the question.

Lachit Borphukan is often regarded as the hero of Assam for his leadership and bravery in defending the kingdom against the Mughals.

Lachit Borphukan was a prominent military general and commander-in-chief of the Ahom kingdom in Assam during the 17th century. He played a crucial role in defending Assam against Mughal invasions.
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