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INSAT-4CR ISRO Space Mission, Launch Date & Status

Last Updated on Jun 30, 2025
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India’s space programme, led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has evolved from modest beginnings into one of the most respected space agencies in the world. Over the years, ISRO has designed and executed a range of missions—from satellite navigation, Earth observation, interplanetary exploration, to solar studies—that have not only enhanced India’s technological self-reliance but also contributed to global scientific collaboration. Its cost-effective approaches and mission diversity—from Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan to Aditya-L1 and the upcoming Gaganyaan—have become case studies in innovation.

For UPSC aspirants, ISROs journey is more than current affairs—it directly intersects with the syllabus of General Studies Paper 3 (Science & Technology), provides examples for GS Paper 2 (International Relations, Governance), and can enrich perspectives in the Essay Paper, Ethics, and even Optional subjects like Geography or PSIR. In this article, we will explore detailed insights about ISRO INSAT-4CR Mission —its objectives, timelines, key technologies, and strategic implications.

ISRO INSAT-4CR Mission Overview

The Communication mission, ISROs INSAT-4CR, was planned to address specific operational and technological goals.ISRO selected Geostationary Orbit as the functional environment for the INSAT-4CR mission.

  • INSAT-4CR was launched aboard the GSLV-F04.
  • The launch took place at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
  • The key mission goal of INSAT-4CR was to Replace INSAT-4C (lost in launch failure).
  • Alongside its primary function, INSAT-4CR was expected to DTH, VSAT, video picture transmission, news gathering.
  • At this point, the mission remains Decommissioned.

INSAT-4CR Space Mission Overview for UPSC

Mission Name

INSAT-4CR

Mission Abbreviation

N/A

Mission Type

Communication

Target Celestial Body or Orbit

Geostationary Orbit

Primary Objective

Replace INSAT-4C (lost in launch failure)

Secondary Objectives

DTH, VSAT, video picture transmission, news gathering

Mission Status

Decommissioned

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Timeline & Milestones of ISRO INSAT-4CR Mission
  • INSAT-4CR lifted off from the launch pad on September 2, 2007.
  • The primary mission objectives are expected to be completed by November 24, 2020 (deactivated).

Timeline & Milestones

Proposal Date

N/A

Critical Design Review (CDR) Date

N/A

Assembly Complete Date

N/A

Launch Date

September 2, 2007

Landing / Flyby Date

N/A

End of Primary Mission Date

November 24, 2020 (deactivated)

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ISRO INSAT-4CR Mission Technical Specifications

The satellite’s technical blueprint included 2168 kg lift-off mass, I-2K bus, allowing for stability and performance in space.Following its launch on September 2, 2007 via GSLV-F04, the spacecraft was deployed into Geosynchronous Orbit, 74° East longitude (initially).

  • Depending on the altitude and operational coverage of INSAT-4CR, the mission employed Ku-band to ensure seamless communication flow.
  • Ku-band transponders were implemented as part of the engineering design of INSAT-4CR.

Technical Specifications

Spacecraft Technical Specifications

2168 kg lift-off mass, I-2K bus

Scientific Payloads

N/A

Orbit Details

Geosynchronous Orbit, 74° East longitude (initially)

Communication Frequencies / Band

Ku-band

Key Technologies Used

Ku-band transponders

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INSAT-4CR Launch Information
  • On September 2, 2007, INSAT-4CR was sent into its designated orbit.
  • The mission was launched using the GSLV-F04, as per the mission plan.
  • Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota was the designated launch complex for this mission.

Launch Information

Launch Vehicle

GSLV-F04

Launch Site

Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota

Who are the Stakeholders & Collaborators?

The mission was carried out with the involvement of ISRO.

    Stakeholders & Collaboration

    Agencies Involved

    ISRO

    Commercial Partners

    N/A

    International Partners

    N/A

    Payload Contributions by Partners

    N/A

    Data Sharing Policy

    N/A

    Outputs, Applications & Impact of ISRO INSAT-4CR Mission

    The success of INSAT-4CR is often associated with Successfully replaced lost INSAT-4C satellite.

    • With its technical capabilities, INSAT-4CR helps advance sectors such as DTH, VSAT, video picture transmission.

    Outputs, Applications & Impact of INSAT-4CR Mission

    Data Outputs and Applications

    DTH, communication services data

    Major Achievements

    Successfully replaced lost INSAT-4C satellite

    Applications in Civilian Life

    DTH, VSAT, video picture transmission

    Impact on Policy & Global Collaboration

    N/A

    Environmental Impact & Sustainability

    Moved to graveyard orbit

    Strategic Significance & Policy Alignment

    Communication continuity (INSAT-4C replacement)

    Follow-up Missions or Extensions

    GSAT series

    Cost Estimate

    N/A

    ISRO INSAT-4CR Space Mission Risks, Failures & Mitigation

    INSAT-4CR encountered challenges such as Underperformance of launch vehicle reduced initial life estimate during its execution.

    • ISRO reported a deviation in planned operations due to Launch vehicle underperformance.

    Risks, Failures & Mitigation

    Challenges Faced

    Underperformance of launch vehicle reduced initial life estimate

    Risk Mitigation Measures

    N/A

    Failures or Anomalies

    Launch vehicle underperformance

    Corrective Actions Taken

    Satellite used own fuel for orbit correction

    Lessons Learned

    N/A

    UPSC Relevance of ISRO INSAT-4CR Space Mission
    • Regular updates from sources like PIB, ISRO press releases, and current affairs magazines help aspirants stay updated on mission statuses for accurate UPSC Prelims preparation.
    • Indias strategic edge through missions like EMISAT or satellite-based surveillance aligns with General Studies topics on defence and internal security.
    • The ethical use of space for peaceful purposes, as consistently upheld by ISRO, resonates with values-based questions in GS Paper IV.
    • Anthropology or Sociology students can reference ISRO’s outreach programs and applications for tribal development, education, and telemedicine.

    Past UPSC Mains PYQs on ISRO Space Missions

    Q1. Discuss the role of the private sector in the growth of the space industry in India. How has the governments policy of 2023 affected it? (2023, GS Paper 3 - Science & Technology)

    Q2. What is India’s plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme? (2022 & 2019, GS Paper 3 - Science & Technology)

    Q3. Space has been the next big frontier for mankind after sea and land. In this context, discuss Indias policy and preparedness for space wars. (2019, GS Paper 3 - Science & Technology)

    Q4. Discuss the utility of the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) for India. (2016, GS Paper 3 - Science & Technology)

    Q5. What do you understand by Standard Positioning Systems and Precision Positioning Systems in the GPS era? Discuss the advantages India perceives from its ambitious IRNSS programme employing just seven satellites. (2015, GS Paper 3 - Science & Technology)

    Past UPSC Prelims PYQs on ISRO Space Missions

    Q1 [2025]: GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN?

    I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity.
    II. It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management.
    III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    (a) I, II and III
    (b) II and III only
    (c) I only
    (d) I and II only

    Correct Answer: (d) I and II only

    Explanation: Statements I and II correctly describe the core purpose and benefit of the GAGAN system. (I) GAGAN is designed to augment GPS signals by correcting for errors, which provides much greater accuracy and guarantees the integrity (reliability) of the positioning information. (II) This enhanced accuracy and reliability directly enables more precise aircraft routing and landing procedures, thus improving the uniformity and quality of air traffic management.

    Q2 [2022]: If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth?

    1. GPS and navigation systems could fail.
    2. Tsunamis could occur at equatorial regions.
    3. Power grids could be damaged.
    4. Intense auroras could occur over much of the Earth.
    5. Forest fires could take place over much of the planet.
    6. Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed.
    7. Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    (a) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    (b) 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 only
    (c) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only
    (d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7

    Answer: The correct answer is (c).

    Explanation: A major solar storm can disrupt GPS, power grids, satellite orbits, polar radio communication, and cause auroras, but cannot trigger tsunamis or forest fires.

    Q3 [2020]: The experiment will employ a trio of spacecraft flying in formation in the shape of an equilateral triangle that has sides one million kilometres long, with lasers shining between the craft.” The experiment in question refers to

    (a) Voyager-2
    (b) New horizons
    (c) Lisa Pathfinder
    (d) Evolved LISA

    Answer: The correct answer is (d) Evolved LISA.

    Explanation: Evolved LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) is a planned space-based gravitational wave observatory by ESA and NASA, using three spacecraft in a triangular formation with laser beams to detect cosmic gravitational waves.

    Q4 [2016]: Consider the following statements:

    The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO

    1. is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission
    2. made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after USA
    3. made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt

    Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

    (a) 1 only
    (b) 2 and 3 only
    (c) 1 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 3


    Answer: c) 1 and 3 only

    Explanation: Mangalyaan is the informal name of Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), launched by ISRO on 5 November 2013 and India is the only nation to date to have succeeded on its maiden attempt.

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    UPSC Practice Questions on ISRO Space Missions

    Q1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Nabhmitra device, recently in the news?
    1. It is a satellite-based communication system developed by the DRDO for the safety of fishermen.
    2. It is a satellite-based communication system developed by the ISRO for the safety of fishermen.
    3. It is a satellite-based navigation system developed by the ISRO for the safety of fishermen.
    4. It is a satellite-based navigation system developed by the DRDO for the safety of fishermen.

    Answer: Option 2
    Solution: The Nabhmitra device is a satellite-based communication system developed by the ISRO-Space Applications Centre (Ahmedabad) for the safety of fishermen. Hence the statement in option 2 is correct. The device was successfully tested at Neendakara recently, which is a coastal town in Kerala that is known for its fishing harbour and fish market. Key features of the Nabhmitra device include the use of satellites, two-way messaging, early warning for weather and cyclones, distress messages, and real-time field information.

    Q2. Choose the correct code of the payloads from the mentioned below which were launched by PSLV-C55?
    A. TeLEOS-2
    B. POEM-2
    C. LUMILITE-4
    D. EOS-07
    1. A, C and D
    2. B, C and D
    3. A, B and C
    4. A, B and D

    Answer: A, B and C
    Solution: PSLV-C55/TeLEOS-2 was launched successfully on April 22, 2023. This is a dedicated commercial mission through NSIL with TeLEOS-2 as the primary satellite and Lumelite-4 as a co-passenger satellite. The satellites weigh about 741 kg and 16 kg, respectively. They are intended to be launched into an Eastward low inclination orbit. The mission also included POEM-2, which utilizes the spent PS4 stage of the launch vehicle as an orbital platform for scientific experiments.

    Q3. Which of the following is not the satellite launched by India?
    1. Explorer
    2. APPLE
    3. Bhaskar
    4. INSAT

    Answer: Explorer
    Solution: APPLE was India's first three-axis stabilized experimental geostationary communication satellite, launched on June 19, 1981. Bhaskar-I was launched on June 7, 1979, and was an early Indian endeavor in remote sensing from space. INSAT is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched by ISRO. Explorer 1, however, was launched by the United States and is not an Indian satellite.

    Q4. What is the main goal of India's Chandrayaan-4 mission, as announced by ISRO Chief S Somnath, which is set to launch in 2028?
    1. To establish a permanent base on the Moon
    2. To collect samples on the Moon
    3. To explore the dark side of the Moon
    4. To find water on the Moon

    Answer: To collect samples on the Moon
    Solution: ISRO's Chandrayaan-4 mission is positioned as a crucial step toward India’s ambitious goal to land an astronaut on the Moon by 2040. The mission aims to not only land a spacecraft on the Moon but also to collect samples and return them to Earth, demonstrating a complete cycle of lunar exploration.

    Q5. In which year is the Indian Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM) scheduled to be launched?
    1. 2026
    2. 2027
    3. 2028
    4. 2029

    Answer: 2028
    Solution: The Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM), approved by the Union Cabinet, marks a significant step in India's planetary exploration endeavors. The mission is scheduled for launch in March 2028 and aims to study Venus's atmosphere, surface, and subsurface conditions.

    Q6. What is the primary objective of ISRO's SpaDeX mission launched on December 30, 2024?
    1. To deploy communication satellites into geostationary orbit.
    2. To demonstrate in-space docking technology using two small spacecraft.
    3. To test a new heavy-lift launch vehicle for future missions.
    4. To conduct experiments related to human spaceflight in low-Earth orbit.

    Answer: To demonstrate in-space docking technology using two small spacecraft.
    Solution: ISRO launched the SpaDeX mission on December 30, 2024, aiming to demonstrate in-space docking technology using two small spacecraft, SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target). The mission involves intricate docking maneuvers between two spacecraft in low-Earth orbit, showcasing India’s growing expertise in space technologies.

    Q7. Who succeeded S. Somanath as the Chairman of ISRO starting January 14, 2025?
    1. A. S. Kiran Kumar
    2. V. Narayanan
    3. Meena Ganesh
    4. Dr. Shailesh Nayak

    Answer: V. Narayanan
    Solution: V. Narayanan took over as the Chairman of ISRO on January 14, 2025, succeeding S. Somanath. He is a noted rocket and spacecraft propulsion expert and has been heading ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre since January 2018.

    Q8. Consider the following statements about Vikram-S:
    I. It is India's first privately built rocket.
    II. It is a single stage suborbital space launch vehicle.
    III. The mission for the rocket launch has been named as Prarambh, meaning beginning.
    IV. It was developed by space tech startup Agnikul Cosmos.
    Which of the statements given above are correct?
    1. I, II and III only
    2. I, III and IV only
    3. II, III and IV only
    4. All of the above

    Answer: Option 1: I, II and III only
    Solution: Vikram-S is India's first privately built rocket and is a single stage suborbital space launch vehicle. The mission for the rocket launch has been named as Prarambh, meaning beginning. However, it was developed by a different space tech startup named Skyroot Aerospace, not Agnikul Cosmos.

    Q9. Which of the following sentences are FALSE about Chandrayaan 2 mission?
    1. It was a highly complex mission which aimed at exploring the North Pole of the Moon.
    2. The GSLV MK-III carried Chandrayaan 2 to its designated orbit.
    3. GSLV MK-III is India's most powerful launcher till date which is capable of launching satellite to Geo Synchronous Transfer Unit (GTO).
    4. The Moon Impact Probe ejected from Chandrayaan 2 and crashed near the lunar South Pole.

    1. 1 and 2
    2. 2 and 3
    3. 3 and 4
    4. 1 and 4

    Answer: Option 4
    Solution: Chandrayaan 2 was indeed a highly complex mission but it aimed at exploring the South Pole of the Moon, not the North Pole. The GSLV MK-III did carry Chandrayaan 2 to its designated orbit, and it is India's most powerful launcher capable of launching satellites to Geo Synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). The statement about the Moon Impact Probe is false as this event occurred during the Chandrayaan 1 mission, not Chandrayaan 2.

    Q10. Which Indian satellite was launched on 27th November, 2019 by ISRO from the Sriharikota centre for the purpose of geographical research and studies?
    1. GSAT-7A
    2. RISAT-2B
    3. CARTOSAT-3
    4. GSAT-29

    Answer: CARTOSAT-3
    Solution: CARTOSAT-3 is an advanced satellite developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for Earth observation. The satellite was successfully launched on 27th November 2019 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. It is equipped with high-resolution imaging capability and will primarily be used for geographical research, urban planning, rural resource management, and disaster management support.

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