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Home / IAS Preparation / Indo Pacific Oceans Initiative

Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative: Pillars, Seed Funding, Objectives, Challenges And More

Last Updated on Sep 08, 2023
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Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative or IPOI is an open, non-treaty-based initiative for countries to work together for cooperative and collaborative solutions to the common challenges in the region of Indo-pacific. It was first proposed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the 14th East Asian Summit in Bangkok, Thailand, on November 4, 2019. PM Modi suggested this Initiative for a safe, secure, and stable maritime domain.

This topic of the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination, which falls under General Studies Paper 2 (Mains) and General Studies Paper 1 (Prelims) and particularly in International Relations. In this article, We shall discuss the IPOI, Its objectives, Key Initiatives, Pillars of IPOI, challenges associated with the IPOI, & More!

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What is the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI)?

The Indo-Pacific region covers the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with global security and prosperity affected by its strategic discussions and economic activities. The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) is a collaborative approach among stakeholders to address shared challenges. It extends the "Security and Growth for All in the Region" (SAGAR) initiative initiated in 2015 by the Indian government. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed IPOI at the 14th East Asian Summit on November 4, 2019. IPOI aims to strengthen maritime boundaries and partnerships, focusing on free trade and sustainable resource usage. It encompasses seven thematic areas, including resource development, resilient infrastructure, security, and marine environment.

Also, read about the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership here!

Pillars of IPOI

Here are the seven pillars of the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI); 

  • Maritime Security
  • Maritime Ecology
  • Maritime Resources
  • Capacity Building and Resource Sharing
  • Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
  • Trade Connectivity and Maritime Transport
  • Science and Technology and Academic Collaboration

India has been attempting to establish connections with various nations through this Initiative.

The Initiative is open to all the participating nations from the region. IPOI emphasises collaboration with nations that share its goals in order to advance maritime trade.

Also, read about the Act East Policy UPSC here!

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Seed funding for implementing the IPOI

In November 2019, during the 14th East Asia Summit in Bangkok, Prime Minister Modi introduced the IPOI. This endeavor aims to foster stronger collaboration between India and regional allies, focusing on safeguarding oceans, boosting maritime security, conserving marine resources, capacity building, resource sharing, disaster risk reduction, technological cooperation, and promoting equitable trade and maritime transportation. Australia has committed to take the lead on the maritime ecology aspect of this initiative.

Objectives of IPOI

The Indo-Pacific region is a vast maritime region where many different parties have interests. The objectives behind the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) are highlighted below:

  • To strengthen maritime boundaries in the Indo-pacific region.
  • To formulate partnerships based on the principle of free trade and sustainable use of maritime resources and biodiversity.
  • To promote welfare through a democratic model of governance by establishing a rules-based order that promotes free trade and working together in collaboration in order to create wealth.
  • To develop a mechanism for cooperating with like-minded countries in the Indo-Pacific.

Also, read about the Malabar Exercise here.

India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative

The IPOI is an unrestricted free international initiative that makes use of regional cooperation architecture and procedures already in place. India has always taken a position on the Indo-Pacific Initiative that puts the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN) countries at its core. It is safe to say that India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative is an addition to the Look-East policy. The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative highlights these important key ideas:

  • The Indo-Pacific area should be multipolar, according to Indian foreign policy. It has always tried to secure a balance in the area that aims to be hostile to no country in the region. Its strategy has the benefit of being recognised as inclusive and non-confrontational.
  • It aligns with India’s goals for the area. The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative mentions a similar network of stakeholder participation that would be advantageous, bearing in mind the concerns of sustainability and security.
  • The IPOI’s primary tenet is a purposeful partnership with nations that share its values.

Also, read about the tri-nation partnership AUKUS here!

Pillars of India’s IPOI

Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) focuses on the following seven pillars by utilising existing regional architecture and procedures:

  • Maritime Security – In the previous 15 years, marine trade has accounted for over 90% of all trade on the globe. Thus, the ability to leverage the economic potential of the seas and confront their obstacles is crucial for maintaining strategic stability in the Indo-Pacific.
  • Maritime Ecology and Maritime Resources – Future sustainable development of the oceans and their resources will increasingly be recognised as a key component of the blue economy.
  • Capacity Building and Information Sharing – Strong maritime domain awareness is the first step toward effective maritime enforcement capacity. India’s IPOI and SAGAR doctrine aims to develop a seamless, real-time, comprehensive overview of the larger Indo-Pacific area.
  • Maritime Connectivity – The foundation of maritime trade, shipping, and transit is proper connectivity and adequate port infrastructure. India is modernising its physical infrastructure, digitizing its processes, and modifying its regulatory framework as part of its Sagarmala initiative to modernize its port operations and infrastructure.
  • Disaster Management – Natural catastrophes have become a common concern, and this has opened up new opportunities for international cooperation on disaster management projects.
  • Academic Collaboration – It is necessary to incorporate all levels—from the academy to the senior staff colleges—in educational exchanges and training activities. Bottom-up strategies for developing maritime security architecture should be strengthened by more extensive cooperation research on maritime studies conducted by think tanks and universities from India, Australia, Japan, and the ASEAN nations.
  • Technological Advancement – Through the development of technology, Direct communication and sharing agreements amongst the relevant maritime agencies are two ways that information can be shared. There may also be new ways to collaborate with regional information fusion Centers.

Also, read about India’s Look West Policy here.

Challenges

Some of the key Challenges related to the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative are discussed below:

  • From the Persian Gulf through the Chagos Archipelago in the middle of the Indian Ocean to the Southwest Pacific, the Indo-Pacific region is rife with maritime territorial conflicts. The Senkakus/Diaoyutai (Japan-China), Pratas Islands (Taiwan-China), Paracels (China-Vietnam), Scarborough Shoal (China-Philippines), and Spratly archipelago are among the most notable of these disputes.
  • The stakeholders in the Indo-Pacific area view the US, China, and Russia maintaining a delicate balance as questionable in and of itself.
  • It’s possible that the recent withdrawal from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) unintentionally open Pandora’s Box.

Also, read about the South China Sea Dispute here.

Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2022

The Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue (IPRD) is the highest-level international annual conference of the Indian Navy. The fourth edition of the "Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2022" was held for three days in November 2022 in New Delhi. More than 800 people attended the event, including representatives from friendly foreign countries and international organisations.

  • "Operating the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative" is the theme of the Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2022.

Key Initiatives by ASEAN Countries

Some of the Important Key initiatives by ASEAN Countries are highlighted in the table given below:

Key Initiatives by ASEAN Countries

Initiatives

Objective 

Countries

MALSINDO –

For maritime patrolling of the Strait of Malacca to curb piracy.

Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia

Eye in the Sky Initiative

To enhance the security in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.

Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia

INDOMALPHI

To strengthen the relationship, and enhance mutual cooperation of the three countries through the development of combined maritime rules of engagement.

Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Triangular Cooperation Project

To enhance cooperation and integration between three countries.

Timor-Leste, Indonesia, Japan

New Sulu Sea Trilateral Land Exercise

To set up hubs for operations in each country.

Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

MITKA

Informal consultation and the coordination platform.

Republic of Korea, Turkey, Australia

South West Pacific Dialogue

Dialogue forum to exchange views and information on important issues in the region.

Australia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, and Timor Leste

Also, read about the List of International Organizations and their Headquarters here!

Conclusion

India has a vision for the Indo-Pacific region that guarantees everyone’s access to overflight, freedom of navigation, sustainable development, protection of the marine environment, and an open, free, just, and mutually beneficial trade and investment system. In the post-COVID-19 global recovery, India will play an important role due to its size, capabilities, and expanding interests. To this aim, India’s multilateral approach to participation under the IPOI would continue to be guided by the development of purposeful alliances with like-minded nations of the Indo-Pacific.

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Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative FAQs

Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative or IPOI is an open, non-treaty-based initiative for countries to work together for cooperative and collaborative solutions to the common challenges in the region of Indo-pacific.

The countries with the Indo-Pacific strategy are Australia, India, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

The Indo-Pacific strategy of the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative was launched in 2019.

There are 24 countries in the Indo-Pacific region which includes Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor Leste, United States, Vietnam.

The Indo-Pacific strategy was introduced by German geopolitician Karl Haushofer in the 1920s.

The Indo-Pacific Ocean Initiative has seven pillars: maritime security, maritime resources, maritime ecology, disaster risk reduction, management, capacity building and resource sharing, trade connectivity and maritime transport, science and technology, and academic collaboration.
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