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Home / IAS Preparation / Battle of Chausa: History, Course, & Aftermath of the Battle

Battle of Chausa: History, Course, & Aftermath of the Battle

Last Updated on Mar 15, 2024
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The battle of Chausa was fought on 26 June 1539 between Sher Shah Suri, ruler of the Sur Dynasty, and Mughal Emperor Humayun in Chausa, Bihar. The battle resulted in the victory of the Sur emperor, Sher Shah Suri. The Battle of Chausa stands as a pivotal moment in Indian history, where two powerful forces clashed for supremacy. 

The Battle of Chausa is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS exam. It covers a significant part of the Medieval History subject in the Mains General Studies Paper-1 syllabus and the General Studies Paper UPSC Prelims Syllabus.

This article explores the captivating tale of the Battle of Chausa, shedding light on its historical significance and the events that unfolded during this intense encounter.

Also, check out the article on India Under The Mughals with the linked article!

About the Battle of Chausa

The Battle of Chausa refers to the decisive conflict that took place near the town of Chausa in Bihar, India. The battle involved the Mughal Emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri, a skilled Afghan warrior who aimed to overthrow the Mughal rule. It marked a significant turning point in the struggle for power in India.

Background on the Battle of Chausa

  • The battle of Chausa was fought between Sher Shah Suri also known as Sher Khan and Humayun. After the death of Babur, Humayun was given the throne for 22 years.
  • Apart from this, Humayun had to deal with the increasing power of Afghans in the east, and the power of Gujarat’s ruler Bahadur. In this situation, Humayun decided to tackle Afghans more seriously.
  • In 1532 Humayun defeated Afghans in a place named Daurah where the Afghan army had conquered Bihar and Jaunpur in eastern Uttar Pradesh.
  • After this victory, Mughal Emperor Humayun besieged the fort of Chunar. The Chunar fort was under the control of Afghan king Sher Shah Suri of the Sur Dynasty.
  • The power of Bahadur Shah of Gujarat was increasing which alarmed Mughal emperor Humayun. Bahadur Shah was an ambitious ruler, he captured Malwa, Chittor, and Ajmer. This alarmed the Mughal Empire.
  • Meanwhile, the Mughal emperor Humayun captured Mandu, Champaner, and Kathiawar. During Humayun’s absence from Agra from February 1535 to February 1537, Sher Shah Suri further strengthened his position. He plotted against Humayun with the help of Bahadur Shah.
  • Sher Khan offered a false friendship to Mughal Emperor Humayun. In the wake of this offer, Humayun crossed the river Karmanasa to the Parvi bank. This gave the Afghan cavalry a free hand to attack, and in March 1539 the Battle of Chausa took place.

Also, check out the article on the Third Battle of Panipat with this link!

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Course of the Battle of Chausa
  • Humayun travelled via the Grand Trunk Road, which went through south Bihar and was entirely under Sher Khan’s jurisdiction. However, Humayun was compelled to cross the Ganges again in order to go to Chausa, a location at the border of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
  • Sher Khan arrived there as well. For three months, the two armies remained there, facing one another (April to June 1539 A.D.). There were ongoing peace talks, but nothing came of them.
  • Sher Khan deliberately stretched out the fight. In the lowland between the Ganges and Karmanasa rivers, where the Mughul army was camped, he awaited the rains that would cause them problems. That actually occurred as the rains began.
    • He gave the Mughals the notion that he was going to capture one of the tribal rulers in Bihar on June 25. But in the early hours of June 26, he came back and launched a three-pronged assault against the Mughals.
  • As a result, the entire army of the Mughals was wiped out. By jumping into the Ganges and navigating it with the aid of a water carrier, Mughal Emperor Humayun escaped.
  • After this battle, Sher Khan proclaimed himself to be the Emperor and took the name, Sher Shah. He also conquered Bengal, after which he went back to Kannauj.

Also, study Mughal Empire Architecture for UPSC preparation here!

Aftermath of the Battle of Chausa 

After this battle, Sher Khan proclaimed himself to be the Emperor and took the name, Sher Shah. He also conquered Bengal, after which he went back to Kannauj. Despite Humayun’s liberal attitude and his pardoning of his rebel brothers, the brothers were unable to come together.

Important Facts related to the Battle of Chausa for UPSC

The table below shows the important facts about the Battle of Chausa.

Events

Battle of Chausa

Date

26 June 1539

Location

Chausa, Bihar

Forces Involved

Sur Dynasty Ruler, Sher Shah Suri and Mughal Emperor Humayun

Result

Victory of Sher Shah Suri

Study in detail about the Rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire with this link!

Conclusion

In medieval history, the Battle of Chausa is significant. The battle demonstrates how the Sur kingdom became well-known by undermining the renowned Mughal empire’s foundation, which Mughal King Babur had established. Babur, however, went back to Kabul after losing the battle of Kannauj, and from there he escaped to the safety of the Safavid Empire in Persia. In 1555, following the death of Sher Shah Suri, Humayun retaliated against the Suri dynasty and defeated it at the Battle of Sirhind, restoring the Mughal Empire’s control over India.

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Battle of Chausa FAQs

The Battle of Chausa was a significant conflict fought between the Mughal Emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri near Chausa, Bihar, India.

The main contenders in the Battle of Chausa were Humayun, the Mughal Emperor, and Sher Shah Suri, an Afghan warrior aiming to topple the Mughal rule.

The Battle of Chausa resulted in a decisive victory for Sher Shah Suri. This led to the temporary downfall of Humayun and the establishment of Sher Shah's rule in North India.

The Battle of Chausa marked a turning point in the struggle for power in India. It weakened the Mughal Empire and paved the way for Sher Shah Suri's rise to prominence.

The Battle of Chausa witnessed the use of innovative military strategies such as the deployment of war elephants, skilled archery, and tactical maneuvers by both Humayun and Sher Shah Suri.
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