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Electronegativity Chart - Detailed Explanation and Chart | Testbook.com

Last Updated on Feb 20, 2025
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Before delving into the electronegativity chart, it's essential to understand what electronegativity is and its associated concepts. Electronegativity is the measure of an atom's ability to draw electrons towards itself, indicating how well it can attract an electron.

Two primary factors determine electronegativity: the nuclear charge and the position or number of electrons in the atomic shells. The more protons an atom has, the stronger its attraction to electrons. Similarly, the location and number of electrons in the atomic shells also play a crucial role.

How Electronegativity is Measured

The concept of electronegativity was studied extensively in the past, but it was the American chemist Linus Pauling who developed the most accurate scale of electronegativity in 1932. This scale, known as the Pauling scale, was based on the Valence Bond Theory and bond-energy calculations of various elements with covalent bonds. However, the electronegativity of an element cannot be directly measured as it depends on the unique properties of each element.

Why Electronegativity Values Matter

Electronegativity serves two primary purposes:

  • It helps predict whether an atom will form an ionic or covalent bond.
  • It aids in determining whether the resulting molecule will be polar or nonpolar.

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The Electronegativity Chart and The Periodic Table

Electronegativity values for elements are often provided in the periodic table. Fluorine, for instance, has the highest electronegativity value in the periodic table, which can be a helpful reference as electronegativity values generally increase or move towards fluorine in the table.

Electronegativity trends can also be observed in the Periodic table . For instance, electronegativity increases when moving from left to right in the Periodic table, but decreases when moving from top to bottom.

An electronegativity chart can also be created based on the periodic table, providing an easy way to find the electronegativity values of elements. These values are arranged according to the element's number in the periodic table.

Get more practice with the Interactive Periodic Table

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Frequently Asked Questions

Electronegativity is defined as the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. It describes how well an atom attracts an electron.

Electronegativity is measured mainly by considering the nuclear charge and the location or the number of electrons in the atomic shells. However, it cannot be measured directly as it depends solely on the different properties of each element.

Electronegativity is mainly used to predict if an atom will form an ionic or a covalent bond, and to predict if the resulting molecule will be polar or nonpolar.

On moving from left to right in the Periodic table, electronegativity increases whereas on moving from top to bottom, the electronegativity decreases.

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