Difference between Oligonucleotide and Polynucleotide - Testbook
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The Basics of Oligonucleotides
Oligonucleotides are small molecules, typically made up of RNA or DNA. They occur naturally as microRNA (with 22 nucleotides) but can also be artificially synthesized. They are commonly used in scientific processes such as DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and molecular cloning. Oligonucleotides are known for their ability to bind to their complementary sequences in a specific manner.
For instance, an oligonucleotide consisting of 6 nucleotides is referred to as a hexamer, while one with 25 nucleotides is called a 25-mer.
An Overview of Polynucleotides
Polynucleotides are found naturally in all living organisms. They consist of a large number of nucleotide monomers. Like oligonucleotides, they can be used in DNA sequencing and PCR techniques. Furthermore, oligonucleotides and other small nucleotide chains can be used to synthesize artificial polynucleotides. This is achieved by adding new nucleotides and using the polymerase enzyme to extend the polynucleotide chain.
Typically, a polynucleotide consists of 13 or more nucleotide monomers that are covalently bonded.
Comparing Oligonucleotides and Polynucleotides
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Oligonucleotide |
Polynucleotide |
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These are shorter sequences of RNA or DNA nucleotide monomers. |
These are larger sequences composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers. |
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Oligonucleotides are utilized in various biological procedures, such as probing, PCR, molecular cloning, DNA sequencing, and more. They also play a significant role in antisense therapy. |
Polynucleotides are primarily used in PCR and DNA sequencing. They are often synthesized from oligonucleotides or other small nucleotide chains. |
You may also find it useful to read: The Difference between Deoxyribose and Ribose
For more interesting topics, continue exploring more in-depth biology articles.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a nucleotide?
A nucleoside is composed of a nucleobase (A, T, G, C, U) and a 5-carbon sugar. This nucleoside, along with a phosphate group, is termed nucleotides. These nucleotides are the monomeric units that make RNA and DNA.
What are biopolymers?
They are naturally occurring polymers seen in living cells. They are composed of monomeric units of molecules that are covalently attached. These molecules can be carbohydrates, proteins or nucleotides. Examples of biopolymers – Polysaccharides, Polypeptides and Polynucleotides.
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