How did globalisation impact Indian agriculture after 1991?

The correct answer is Enhanced competition and access to global markets.

Key Points

• Globalisation in 1991 led to the liberalisation of the Indian economy, resulting in reduced tariffs and trade barriers, which provided Indian agriculture with greater access to global markets.
• Introduction of advanced agricultural technologies and practices from other countries, which helped in improving crop yields and productivity.
• Encouraged diversification in agriculture with the production of high-value crops like fruits, vegetables, and flowers aimed at export markets.
• Exposed Indian farmers to global competition, pushing them to improve quality and efficiency in agricultural practices.
• Increased foreign direct investments (FDI) in agricultural sectors, including food processing, cold storage, and logistics, enhancing the overall agricultural value chain.

Additional Information

• Green Revolution
  • Launched in the 1960s, it introduced high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds and advanced agricultural techniques.
  • Significantly increased agricultural production, particularly in wheat and rice.
  • Focused on regions like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • Led to self-sufficiency in food grains but also caused regional disparities and environmental issues.
• WTO Agreement on Agriculture
  • Part of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements established in 1995.
  • Aims to reform trade in the agricultural sector and make policies more market-oriented.
  • Includes commitments to improve market access, reduce export subsidies, and limit domestic support.
• National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)
  • An online trading platform for agricultural commodities in India.
  • Launched in April 2016 to create a unified national market for agricultural produce.
  • Facilitates better price discovery and ensures farmers get competitive returns.
• Doubling Farmers' Income
  • Government of India's goal to double farmers' income by 2022.
  • Focuses on improving productivity, reducing production costs, and ensuring better prices for farmers.
  • Includes initiatives like soil health cards, crop insurance schemes, and irrigation projects.