Which of the following is the direct method of adjustment?

Adjustment is a psychological process through which individuals manage or cope with internal conflicts, needs, or external demands. These strategies can be broadly classified into direct and indirect methods. 

Key Points

• Substitution of goals is considered a direct method of adjustment. In this approach, when an individual cannot achieve their original goal, they consciously select an alternative goal that is more attainable but still satisfies the underlying need.
• For example, if a student fails to become a doctor due to low scores, they may choose to pursue a career in medical research instead.
• This is a rational and purposeful adjustment, reflecting problem-solving and adaptability, which are characteristic of direct methods.

Hint

• Repression involves unconsciously blocking unpleasant thoughts or memories from awareness and is an indirect defense mechanism.
• Projection is an indirect method where individuals attribute their own unacceptable feelings to others.
• Regression involves reverting to behaviors typical of an earlier developmental stage when faced with stress and is also an indirect adjustment strategy.

Hence, the correct answer is substitution of goals.