Which of the following classical dances is known to be ekaharya, where one dancer takes on many roles in a single performance?

The correct answer is Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam, one of the oldest classical dance forms in India, is known for its unique feature of Ekaharya, where a single dancer portrays multiple characters in a single performance.
• The term Ekaharya derives from Sanskrit, meaning "one actor" or "one character," highlighting the versatility of the performer.
• This dance form uses intricate abhinaya (expressive gestures) and body movements to depict multiple roles, often supported by rich mythological narratives.
• Bharatanatyam, originating from Tamil Nadu, is deeply rooted in Natya Shastra, an ancient treatise on performing arts written by sage Bharata.
• It is a highly codified art form performed in temples as a form of devotion and later evolved into a stage performance art.

Additional Information

• Natya Shastra:
  • It is an ancient Indian treatise on performing arts attributed to sage Bharata, detailing various aspects of drama, dance, and music.
  • It outlines the principles of Rasa (emotions), Abhinaya (expressions), and Mudras (gestures) used in Bharatanatyam.
• Key Elements of Bharatanatyam:
  • Nritta: Pure dance movements without storytelling elements.
  • Nritya: Expressive dance that conveys emotions and stories through gestures and facial expressions.
  • Natya: Dramatic art, combining speech, music, and dance.
• Ekaharya in Other Classical Dances: While Bharatanatyam is prominent for Ekaharya, similar concepts can be seen in other forms like Kathak and Kuchipudi, though Bharatanatyam is most recognized for it.
• Devadasi Tradition: Historically, Bharatanatyam was performed by Devadasis (female temple dancers) as a form of devotion to deities in temples.
• Modern Revival: Bharatanatyam was revived and redefined as a stage art form in the 20th century by pioneers like Rukmini Devi Arundale.