Water sludge is formed in the crankcase due to the mixing of which of the following?

Explanation:

Sludge Formation:

• In the Crankcase, water collects in two ways:
  • Water formed as a product of combustion and water entering because of crankcase ventilation.
  • Water mixed with oil when churned up, leads to the formation of sludge.
• This prevents normal circulation of oil to the engine parts.
• The problem of sludge formation is more acute When the engine runs for a too short period of time.
• In such cases, the oil may have to be changed more frequently.
• In the engine running for a considerable period of time, the crankcase ventilation takes care of the sludge formation.

Crankcase ventilation:

• In the crankcase oil gets diluted due to the mixture of blow-by gases, carbon particles, metallic particles, sand, dust, dirt, and the acids formed out of the exhaust gas condensation such as sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid.
• This affects lubrication and forms sludge (accumulation of dirty oil).
• Frequent cleaning and change of oil are needed.
• To overcome this problem, crankcase ventilation is provided.
• Fresh air is allowed in the crankcase which passes out after circulation through a breather pipe (1) in the rear.
• This arrangement is known as open-type crankcase ventilation.
• In earlier vehicles, crankcase vapors were vented directly to the atmosphere through a breather tube, or road draught tube.
• It was shaped to help draw the vapors from the crankcase, as the vehicle was being driven.
• Modern vehicles are required to direct crankcase breather gases and vapors back into the inlet system to be burned.
• A general method of doing this is called positive crankcase ventilation, or PCV.