Metformin is

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

ISRO Pharmacist Previous Year Question paper 2017

Answer 1

Correct Answer: Biguanide

Rationale:

Metformin is classified as a Biguanide. It is primarily used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug works by decreasing hepatic glucose production, decreasing glucose absorption in the intestines, and improving insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
The primary mechanism of Metformin involves the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis.
Metformin is often prescribed as a first-line medication due to its efficacy and relatively low risk of causing hypoglycemia. It also has a favorable impact on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients.

Explanation of Other Options:

Sulfonylurea

Rationale: Sulfonylureas, such as glipizide and glyburide, work by stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. They are effective in lowering blood glucose levels but can cause hypoglycemia and weight gain.

DPP4 Inhibitor

Rationale: DPP4 inhibitors, like sitagliptin and saxagliptin, increase incretin levels, which inhibit glucagon release and increase insulin secretion. They are generally well-tolerated but are less potent compared to other antidiabetic drugs.

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor

Rationale: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as acarbose, work by delaying carbohydrate absorption in the intestines, leading to a slower rise in blood glucose levels post-meal. They are often associated with gastrointestinal side effects.

Conclusion:

Among the given options, Metformin is classified as a Biguanide and is widely used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy in lowering blood glucose levels and its favorable safety profile.

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