Match the elements in column A with the element group they belong to, in column B

	Column A (Element)		Column - B (Group of element in the periodic table)
i.	Na	a.	Alkali metal
ii.	Cu	b.	Alkaline earth metal
iii.	Mg	c.	Transition metal
iv.	He	d.	Zero group element

The correct answer is (i) - (a), (ii) - (c), (iii) - (b), (iv) - (d).

Key Points

• Alkali metal:
  • Group 1 elements in the periodic table, consist of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.
  • They are highly reactive, easily losing an electron to form a positive ion, and are stored under oil or inert gas to prevent reactions with air and moisture.
  • Alkali metals have low densities, and low melting points, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • They have various uses, including in batteries, alloys, and as a coolant in nuclear reactors.
• Alkaline earth metal:
  • Group 2 elements in the periodic table, including beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
  • They are also reactive and easily lose two electrons to form a positive ion but are less reactive than alkali metals.
  • Alkaline earth metals have higher densities and melting points than alkali metals and are also good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • They have many practical applications, such as in construction materials, alloys, and fireworks.
• Transition metal:
  • Elements in the d-block of the periodic table, consisting of groups 3-12, including iron, copper, silver, and gold.
  • They have multiple valence electrons and can form various oxidation states, giving them the ability to form complex compounds and exhibit colourful properties.
  • Transition metals have high densities, and melting points, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • They have numerous applications in technology, such as in catalysts, electronic devices, and construction materials.
• • Group 18 elements in the periodic table, consisting of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
  • They are characterized by their extremely low reactivity and are usually found as monatomic gases in the atmosphere.
  • Noble gases have complete valence electron shells, making them chemically stable and unreactive with other elements.
  • They have applications in lighting, cryogenics, and as a shielding gas in welding.