Which of the following elements is NOT present in Alnico?

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  1. Nickel
  2. Bismuth
  3. Cobalt
  4. Copper

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Bismuth
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Bismuth.

Key Points

  • Alnico is an acronym derived from the primary metals used in its composition: Aluminum (Al), Nickel (Ni), and Cobalt (Co).
  • Alnico alloys also contain copper and sometimes titanium.
  • Alnico magnets are known for their high magnetic strength and temperature stability.
  • Bismuth is not a component of Alnico; it is a brittle metal used in other applications such as low-melting alloys and pharmaceuticals.

Additional Information

  • Alnico Magnets:
    • Alnico magnets were first developed in the 1930s and are among the oldest types of permanent magnets still in use.
    • They are utilized in a variety of applications including electric motors, sensors, and loudspeakers.
    • These magnets can operate at temperatures up to 550°C (1022°F) without losing their magnetic properties.
  • Bismuth Uses:
    • Bismuth is used in the production of low-melting alloys and is a key ingredient in some pharmaceuticals, such as Pepto-Bismol.
    • It is also used in fire detection systems, and as a replacement for lead in free-machining brasses and solders.
  • Magnetic Properties:
    • Alnico magnets have a lower coercivity compared to modern rare-earth magnets like neodymium, meaning they are more easily demagnetized.
    • However, they have high remanence, which means they retain a high level of magnetization.
  • Magnet Manufacturing:
    • Alnico magnets are typically manufactured through casting or sintering processes.
    • The casting process allows for the creation of complex shapes, while sintering provides better mechanical properties.
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