Railway Engineering MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Railway Engineering - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Concept:

Grade compensation:

The ruling gradient is the maximum gradient on a particular section, but if a curve lies on a ruling gradient, the resistance due to gradient is increased by that due to curvature, and this further increases the resistance beyond the ruling gradient. In order to avoid resistances beyond the allowable limits, the gradients are reduced on curves, and this reduction is known as the grade compensation for the curve.

Allowable ruling gradient = Ruling gradient - Grade compensation 

Grade compensation (GC) for BG = 0.04% per degree of curve
Grade compensation (GC) for MG = 0.03% per degree of curve
Grade compensation (GC) for NG = 0.02% per degree of curve

Calculation

Given,

Degree of curve D = 5° 

Ruling Gradient = 1 in 200 

So for 5° curve, compensation,

= 0.04 × 5 = 0.2%

∴ Ruling gradient = (1/200) × 100 = 0.5%

∴ Allowable gradient = (0.5 - 0.2)% = 0.3/100 = 1/333.33

∴ Allowable Gradient = 1 in 334

Concept

Heel Clearance or Heel Divergence

• It is distance between running face of stock rail and tongue rail at heel of switch.
• Indian standard specifies heel clearance for BG track as 13.7 cm – 13.9 cm.

Flange way Clearance

• The distance between the adjacent faces of the running rail and the guard or the check rails provides clearance for passage of wheel flanges.

Throw of Switch

• The gap through which the toe of the gauge rail moves sideways to provide a path for the required direction over the turnout.
• Throw of switch according to Indian standard: BG = 9.5 cm, MG/NG = 8.9 cm

Switch angle

• The angle between the gauge face of stock rail and tongue rail.

Explanation:

(i) Total number of the sleeper at point and crossing depend upon the turnout and in indian railway generally, two types of turnout are provided i.e. 1 in 12 and 1 in 8.5

(ii) For 1 in 12 turnouts, the total number of sleeper = 70

(iii) For 1 in 8.5 turnouts, the total number of sleeper = 62

Explanation:

Type of stations are as follows:

1) Halt station:

• It is the simplest station where trains can stop on a railway line.
• A halt usually has only a rail-level platform with a name board at either end.
• There is no yard or station building or staff provided for such types of stations. Some selected trains are allotted a stoppage line of a minute or two at such stations to enable passengers to entrain or detrain.

2) Flag station:

• It is more important as a stop-over for trains than a halt and is provided with a station building and staff.
• On controlled sections, a flag station is equipped with either a morse telegraph or a control phone, which is connected to one of the stations on either side to facilitate easy communication.
• A flag station is usually provided with a small waiting hall a flag station is also provided with a siding for stabling wagons booked for that station.

3) Crossing station:

• After a flag station comes the wayside or crossing station. While a flag station has arrangements for dealing with traffic but none for controlling the movement of the trains, a crossing station has arrangements for controlling the movement of trains on block sections.
• The idea of a crossing station was initially conceived for single-line sections, to facilitate the crossing of trains going in opposite directions so that there may be a more rapid movement of trains.

4) Junction station:

• A Junction station is the meeting point of three or more lines emerging from different directions.
• Normally at junctions, trains arrive on branch lines and return to the same station from where they started or proceed to other stations from where they again return to their originating stations.

Explanation:

The following materials for Ballast can be used on the railway track.

1. Broken Stone

2. Gravel

3. Cinders / Ashes

4. Sand

5. Kankars

6. Moorum

7. Brick Ballast

Among above materials, broken stone from Igneous rocks like quartzite and granite forms the excellent ballast materials. When these are not available then lime stone and sand stone can also be used as good ballast material.

Some of the main functions of ballast are followings:

a) To provide firm and level bedded foundation for the sleepers and rails to rest on

b) To protect the surface of subgrade and to form an elastic bed

c) To transmit and distribute the loads from the sleepers to the subgrade

d) To allow for maintaining correct track level without disturbing the rail road bed

e) To hold the sleepers in position during the passage of trains

f) To provide lateral stability to the track as a whole.

Concept:

This is an index to determine the suitability of a particular timber for use as a sleeper.

Note:

This index measures the mechanical strength of timber, derived from its composite properties of

strength and hardness.

The C.S.I. is calculated from the relation.

C.S.I = \(\frac{{{\rm{S}} + 10{\rm{H}}}}{{20}}\)

Where,

S = Strength Index, both for green and dry timber at 12% moisture content.

H = Hardness Index, both green and dry timber at 12% moisture content.

Minimum value of C.S.I. prescribed on Indian Railways is as follows:

The correct answer is 762 mm.

• In a narrow-gauge system, the distance between two tracks is 762 mm and 2 ft 6 inches.

Key Points

• The  gauge of a railway track is defined as the clear minimum perpendicular distance between the inner faces of the two rails.
• The narrow gauge is also called a small gauge or small line.
•  In 2015 there was a 1500 km narrow-gauge route which is considered to be about 2% of the total Indian Rail network.
• The Darjeeling Mountain Railway was declared UNESCO world heritage in 1999.
• Kalka Shimla Railway is a narrow gauge.

​Additional Information 

• a railway track with a smaller distance between the lines than the standard gauge of 56 1/2 in.
• The different gauges can broadly be divided into the following four categories:
  • Broad Gauge width 1676 mm to 1524 mm or 5'6” to 5'0”
  • Standard Gauge width 1435 mm and 1451 mm or 4'-8⅟2”
  • Metre Gauge: width 1067 mm, 1000 mm, and 915 mm or 3'-6”, 3'-33/8” and 3'-0”
  • Narrow Gauge: width 762 mm and 610 mm or 2'-6” and 2'-0”.

Concept:

Sleeper density is denoted as n + x.

Here n + x denotes the number of sleepers to be used for one rail length.

n = length of one rail.

Calculation:

Given Data:

Sleeper density = n + 4

Length of one rail = 13 m ⇒ n + 4 = 17

⇒ 17 sleepers are required for 13 m

For 1 m, number of sleepers required \(= \frac{{17}}{{13}}\) = 1.308

Explanation:

A Yard can be defined by the functions it performs. It is the place or the activity center on a Railway system, where the trains or rolling stock or group of rolling stocks are received, reformed into trains or loads after marshalling and are dispatched to their destinations.

Classification of yards: 1. Marshalling Yard  2. Passenger yard 3. Goods yard 4. Coaching yards

Marshalling yard: 

• The arrangement made with an elaborate set of sidings for sorting of wagons at important stations according to traffic requirements, is called marshalling yard.
• Goods tarins are marshaled so that wagons are placed in the order of the stations at which these are to be detached.
• Marshalling Yard can be classified under three groups on the basis of the method of sorting out trains:

1. ​Flat Yard
2. Hump Yard

3. Gravity Yard

Locomotives yard:

• This is the yard which houses the locomotive. Facilities for watering, fueling, examining locomotives, repairing, etc., are provided in this yard.

• The yard layout is designed depending upon the number of locomotives required to be housed in the locomotive shed.

Coaching yard:

• The main function of a coaching yard is to deal with the reception and dispatch of passenger trains.

• Depending upon the volume of traffic, this yard provides facilities such as watering and fueling of engines, washing of rakes, examination of coaches, charging of batteries, and trans-shipment of passengers.

Passenger yard:

• The main function of passenger yards is to provide facilities for the safe movement of passengers and passenger bogies.
• Passenger platforms are used as passenger yards.

Explanation:

Yard is defined as a system of tracks laid within definite limits for various purposes such as storing of vehicles, making up trains, dispatch of vehicles, etc. over which movements, not authorized by timetable, may be made subject to prescribed rules and regulations and signals.

For convenience, the classification of railway yards is done following five categories are as follows:

i) Passenger Yards

ii) Goods Yards

iii) Marshalling Yards

iv) Locomotive Yards

v) Sick Yards