Nutrition and Dietetics MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Nutrition and Dietetics - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is 'All of the above restricted'

Key Points

• Oliguria:
  • Oliguria refers to a condition where urine output is significantly reduced, often defined as less than 400 ml of urine output per day in adults.
  • This condition can be indicative of kidney dysfunction or failure, requiring careful management of diet and fluid intake.
• Diet Recommendations:
  • Protein restricted: Excessive protein intake can lead to an increase in nitrogenous waste, which the kidneys may struggle to filter out, worsening kidney function.
  • Sodium restricted: High sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and exacerbate hypertension, further straining the kidneys.
  • Fluid restricted: Limiting fluid intake is crucial to prevent fluid overload, which can occur due to reduced urine output.

Additional Information

• Other Considerations:
  • In addition to dietary restrictions, medications and other treatments may be necessary to manage underlying conditions causing oliguria.
  • Close monitoring of kidney function and regular consultations with a healthcare provider are essential to adjust dietary and fluid restrictions as needed.

The correct answer is 'Food security'

Key Points

• Food security:
  • Food security refers to the condition where all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
  • It encompasses both the availability of food and the ability of individuals to access it.
  • Ensuring food security implies addressing various factors including food production, distribution systems, and income levels to guarantee access to adequate food for everyone.

Additional Information

• Food safety:
  • Food safety is concerned with the handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illnesses and contamination. It is an important aspect of public health but does not directly address the issue of access to food.
• Food processing:
  • Food processing involves transforming agricultural products into food, or one form of food into other forms. It plays a crucial role in improving food preservation and convenience but does not directly ensure food security.
• Food production:
  • Food production is the process of growing crops and raising animals for food. It is a key component of food security but, on its own, does not ensure that food is economically and physically accessible to all individuals at all times.

The correct answer is 'Food frequency'

Key Points

• Food frequency:
  • The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is a dietary assessment tool that asks respondents to report the frequency with which they consume specific foods over a defined period, such as the past month or year.
  • This method helps in estimating an individual's usual dietary intake and is particularly useful in large epidemiological studies.
  • FFQs can capture data on a wide range of foods and nutrients, providing a comprehensive overview of dietary patterns.
  • They are less burdensome for respondents compared to other methods like food records or diet diaries.

Additional Information

• Food inventory method:
  • This method involves keeping an inventory of all foods available in the household, but it does not specifically track individual consumption over a defined period.
  • It is more useful for understanding food availability and food security rather than individual dietary intake.
• Food record:
  • This method requires respondents to record all foods and beverages consumed over a specific period, usually ranging from 1 to 7 days.
  • While it provides detailed and accurate data, it can be burdensome and may influence the respondent's eating behavior.
• Diet diary:
  • Similar to a food record, a diet diary involves daily recording of food and beverage intake, often including details like portion sizes and preparation methods.
  • It is a detailed method but can be time-consuming and may lead to underreporting or changes in eating habits due to the recording process.

The correct answer is 'Erythrocyte Transketolase Activity Test'

Key Points

• Erythrocyte Transketolase Activity Test:
  • This test is specifically used to assess thiamin (vitamin B1) status in the body.
  • Thiamin is a crucial coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and energy production.
  • Transketolase is an enzyme that requires thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor, and its activity in erythrocytes can indicate thiamin levels.
  • A decreased activity of transketolase suggests thiamin deficiency, while an increase after adding TPP confirms the deficiency.

Additional Information

• Erythrocyte Glutathione Reductase Test:
  • This test is used to assess riboflavin (vitamin B2) status, not thiamin.
  • Glutathione reductase activity depends on riboflavin as a cofactor.
• FIGLU Test:
  • The Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGLU) test is used to evaluate folate or vitamin B12 deficiency.
  • It measures the excretion of FIGLU in urine after a histidine load.
• Relative Dose Response Test:
  • This test is used to assess vitamin A status.
  • It measures the change in plasma retinol levels after a dose of retinyl ester.

Ketoacidosis is associated with: Diabetes

Key Points

• Ketoacidosis:
  • Ketoacidosis is a serious complication that occurs when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones.
  • This condition develops when the body cannot produce enough insulin, leading to the breakdown of fats for energy, which produces ketones.
  • The buildup of ketones in the bloodstream can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a potentially life-threatening condition.
• Diabetes:
  • Diabetes, particularly Type 1 diabetes, is the primary condition associated with ketoacidosis.
  • In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin, which is necessary for glucose to enter cells for energy.
  • Without insulin, the body begins to break down fat for fuel, resulting in the production of ketones and leading to ketoacidosis.

Additional Information

• Liver Diseases:
  • While liver diseases can affect metabolism, they are not directly associated with ketoacidosis.
  • The liver's primary role is to process nutrients and detoxify the blood, but it does not typically produce ketones in quantities that lead to ketoacidosis.
• Burns:
  • Severe burns can cause metabolic changes and stress responses in the body, but they do not directly lead to ketoacidosis.
  • Burns may cause other complications such as infections or dehydration, but not the ketone production seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Cancer:
  • Cancer can cause a range of metabolic disturbances, but it is not typically associated with the production of ketones leading to ketoacidosis.
  • Some cancer treatments might affect blood sugar levels, but ketoacidosis remains primarily linked to diabetes.

The correct answer is ≥ 6.5%.

Key Points

• HbA1c and Diabetes Diagnosis:
  • HbA1c, also known as glycated hemoglobin, reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
  • An HbA1c level of ≥ 6.5% is the threshold used by many healthcare organizations, including the American Diabetes Association (ADA), to diagnose diabetes.
  • This test is preferred because it does not require fasting and provides a long-term indicator of blood glucose control.

Additional Information

• Importance of Early Diagnosis:
  • Early diagnosis of diabetes through HbA1c testing allows for timely intervention, which can help manage blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy.
  • Regular monitoring of HbA1c levels is crucial for individuals at risk of diabetes or those already diagnosed to maintain optimal health.

The correct answer is 74 g/day.

Key Points

• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Protein for Lactating Mothers:
  • The RDA of protein for lactating mothers (0-6 months) as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) 2010 guidelines is 74 g/day.
  • This recommendation ensures that lactating mothers meet their increased nutritional needs to support milk production and maintain their own health.

Sugar loss in human body during work is known as: Hypoglycemia

Key Points

• Hypoglycemia:
  • Hypoglycemia refers to a condition where blood sugar (glucose) levels fall below normal.
  • It often occurs in people with diabetes who take medications that increase insulin levels in the body.
  • Symptoms may include shakiness, sweating, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness.
  • It is critical to address hypoglycemia promptly to prevent further health complications.

Additional Information

• Hyperglycemia:
  • Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels and is a common issue in people with diabetes.
  • Unlike hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia is not related to sugar loss during physical work.
• High blood pressure:
  • High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
  • It is not related to sugar levels in the body.
• Low blood pressure:
  • Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is a condition where blood pressure is lower than normal.
  • It is also not directly related to the sugar levels in the body.

The correct answer is Anaemia.

Key Points

Folic acid deficiency can lead to several health problems, with megaloblastic anemia being one of the most significant. This condition occurs when the body doesn't produce enough healthy red blood cells, resulting in larger, immature cells that can't carry oxygen effectively. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.

In pregnant women, a lack of folic acid is particularly concerning, as it increases the risk of neural tube defects in the developing fetus, such as spina bifida. This highlights the importance of folic acid for proper fetal development.

Additional Information

Beri-beri, pellagra, and rickets are all nutritional deficiency diseases caused by the lack of specific vitamins or nutrients:

Beri-beri: Caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). It can lead to neurological and cardiovascular symptoms, such as weakness, nerve damage, and heart problems.

Pellagra: Results from a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3). Symptoms include the "three D's": dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. If untreated, it can be fatal.

Rickets: Caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. It primarily affects children, leading to weak or soft bones, growth delays, and deformities.

Each of these conditions highlights the importance of a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients.

The correct answer is 'Weight for height / length'

Key Points

• Weight for height / length:
  • This index is specifically used to assess wasting in children under 5 years of age.
  • Wasting refers to a child who is too thin for their height, indicating acute malnutrition.
  • It helps in identifying children who are at immediate risk of morbidity and mortality.

Additional Information

• Weight for age:
  • This index is used to identify underweight children but does not distinguish between stunting and wasting.
• Height for age:
  • This index is used to assess stunting, which indicates chronic malnutrition or long-term growth retardation.
• Waist Hip Ratio:
  • This is typically used to assess the distribution of body fat in adults and is not relevant for assessing wasting in children.