Reasoning MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Reasoning - Download Free PDF
Last updated on Apr 18, 2025
Latest Reasoning MCQ Objective Questions
Reasoning Question 1:
Comprehension:
Two traders, Chetan and Michael, were involved in the buying and selling of MCS shares over five trading days. At the beginning of the first day, the MCS share was priced at Rs 100, while at the end of the fifth day it was priced at Rs 110. At the end of each day, the MCS share price either went up by Rs 10, or else, it came down by Rs 10. Both Chetan and Michael took buying and selling decisions at the end of each trading day. The beginning price of MCS share on a given day was the same as the ending price of the previous day. Chetan and Michael started with the same number of shares and amount of cash, and had enough of both. Below are some additional facts about how Chetan and Michael traded over the five trading days.
Each day if the price went up, Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS at the closing price. On the other hand, each day if the price went down, he bought 10 shares at the closing price.
If on any day, the closing price was above Rs 110, then Michael sold 10 shares of MCS, while if it was below Rs 90, he bought 10 shares, all at the closing price.
If Michael ended up with Rs 100 less cash than Chetan at the end of day 5, what was the difference in the number of shares possessed by Michael and Chetan (at the end of day 5)?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 1 Detailed Solution
(4)
From the above table it is clear that Michael had Rs 100 less cash than Chetan in case III, V and X. In all the three cases we see that Chetan sold 30 shares and bought 20 shares. But Michael only sold 10 shares. So finally both had the same number of shares.
Reasoning Question 2:
Comprehension:
Two traders, Chetan and Michael, were involved in the buying and selling of MCS shares over five trading days. At the beginning of the first day, the MCS share was priced at Rs 100, while at the end of the fifth day it was priced at Rs 110. At the end of each day, the MCS share price either went up by Rs 10, or else, it came down by Rs 10. Both Chetan and Michael took buying and selling decisions at the end of each trading day. The beginning price of MCS share on a given day was the same as the ending price of the previous day. Chetan and Michael started with the same number of shares and amount of cash, and had enough of both. Below are some additional facts about how Chetan and Michael traded over the five trading days.
Each day if the price went up, Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS at the closing price. On the other hand, each day if the price went down, he bought 10 shares at the closing price.
If on any day, the closing price was above Rs 110, then Michael sold 10 shares of MCS, while if it was below Rs 90, he bought 10 shares, all at the closing price.
If Chetan ended up with Rs 1300 more cash than Michael at the end of day 5, what was the price of MCS share at the end of day 4?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 2 Detailed Solution
(2) The various possible cases of price variation are given below:
So in four cases II, IV, VIII and IX, Chetan had 1300 Rs more than Michael. In all the four cases, the closing price of day 4 is Rs 100.
Reasoning Question 3:
Comprehension:
Two traders, Chetan and Michael, were involved in the buying and selling of MCS shares over five trading days. At the beginning of the first day, the MCS share was priced at Rs 100, while at the end of the fifth day it was priced at Rs 110. At the end of each day, the MCS share price either went up by Rs 10, or else, it came down by Rs 10. Both Chetan and Michael took buying and selling decisions at the end of each trading day. The beginning price of MCS share on a given day was the same as the ending price of the previous day. Chetan and Michael started with the same number of shares and amount of cash, and had enough of both. Below are some additional facts about how Chetan and Michael traded over the five trading days.
Each day if the price went up, Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS at the closing price. On the other hand, each day if the price went down, he bought 10 shares at the closing price.
If on any day, the closing price was above Rs 110, then Michael sold 10 shares of MCS, while if it was below Rs 90, he bought 10 shares, all at the closing price.
What could have been the maximum possible increase in combined cash balance of Chetan and Michael at the end of the fifth day?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 3 Detailed Solution
(4) The maximum possible increase in combined cash balance of Chetan and Michael would be in the case when both Chetan and Michael sell their shares and that too at higher prices. Further for Michael to sell his shares the price has to be above 110. This will be possible when the closing prices are : 110, 120, 130, 120 and 110.
So total increase in combined cash balance = 1300 + 3700 = Rs 5000.
Reasoning Question 4:
Comprehension:
Two traders, Chetan and Michael, were involved in the buying and selling of MCS shares over five trading days. At the beginning of the first day, the MCS share was priced at Rs 100, while at the end of the fifth day it was priced at Rs 110. At the end of each day, the MCS share price either went up by Rs 10, or else, it came down by Rs 10. Both Chetan and Michael took buying and selling decisions at the end of each trading day. The beginning price of MCS share on a given day was the same as the ending price of the previous day. Chetan and Michael started with the same number of shares and amount of cash, and had enough of both. Below are some additional facts about how Chetan and Michael traded over the five trading days.
Each day if the price went up, Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS at the closing price. On the other hand, each day if the price went down, he bought 10 shares at the closing price.
If on any day, the closing price was above Rs 110, then Michael sold 10 shares of MCS, while if it was below Rs 90, he bought 10 shares, all at the closing price.
If Michael ended up with 20 more shares than Chetan at the end of day 5, what was the price of the share at the end of day 3?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 4 Detailed Solution
(1) Michael ended up with 20 more shares than Chetan at the end of day 5. The various possibilities in this situation for the given options are :
So it is clear from the above table that Michael had 20 more shares than Chetan for option 1, where the closing prices were, 90, 80, 90, 100 and 110. So the price at the end of day 3 was Rs 90.
Reasoning Question 5:
Comprehension:
Two traders, Chetan and Michael, were involved in the buying and selling of MCS shares over five trading days. At the beginning of the first day, the MCS share was priced at Rs 100, while at the end of the fifth day it was priced at Rs 110. At the end of each day, the MCS share price either went up by Rs 10, or else, it came down by Rs 10. Both Chetan and Michael took buying and selling decisions at the end of each trading day. The beginning price of MCS share on a given day was the same as the ending price of the previous day. Chetan and Michael started with the same number of shares and amount of cash, and had enough of both. Below are some additional facts about how Chetan and Michael traded over the five trading days.
Each day if the price went up, Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS at the closing price. On the other hand, each day if the price went down, he bought 10 shares at the closing price.
If on any day, the closing price was above Rs 110, then Michael sold 10 shares of MCS, while if it was below Rs 90, he bought 10 shares, all at the closing price.
If Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS on three consecutive days, while Michael sold 10 shares only once during the five days, what was the price of MCS at the end of day 3?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 5 Detailed Solution
(3) The opening price on day 1 was Rs 100. The closing price on day 5 was Rs 110. Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS on 3 consecutive days and Michael sold 10 shares only once during the 5 days. The possible trend of the closing price of MCS shares is:
| Day | Opening Price | Closing Price |
| 1 | 100 | 90 |
| 2 | 90 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 | 110 |
| 4 | 110 | 120 |
| 5 | 120 | 110 |
So the closing price at the end of day 3 was Rs 110.
Top Reasoning MCQ Objective Questions
'Neigh' is related to 'Horse' in the same way as 'Bleat' is related to ____
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 6 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is Goat.
Key Points
- The sound made by a Horse is called Neigh.
- Similarly, the sound made by a Goat is called Bleat.
- Hence, Goat is the correct answer.
-
Animal Sound Cat Meow Cow Moo Deer Bellow Dog Barks
Identify the reasoning in the following argument:
"A person without a goal is like a computer without a program".
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 7 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFAn argument is a set of statements that consists of a conclusion and the statements said by the arguer to lead to that conclusion.
Premises are the statements that lead to the conclusion.
|
Types of Reasoning |
Characteristics |
Example |
|
Hypothetical |
A hypothetical argument consists of a hypothetical premise (also called a conditional statement in logic and an "if/then" statement in ordinary life), another premise, and a conclusion. |
Premise 1: If it rains on Sunday, then the concert will be canceled. |
|
Deductive |
Deductive argument helps us to know what is contained in the premises, i.e., the meaning of the premises. A deductive argument is tautologous. It means that it is always true A deductive argument makes the claim that its conclusion is supported by its premises conclusively. The conclusion follows from the premise/premises necessarily. |
Premise 1: There are 24 CDs on the top shelf of my bookcase and 14 on the lower shelf. Premise 2: There are no other CDs in my bookcase. Conclusion: Therefore, there are 38 CDs in my bookcase. |
|
Inductive |
It is the opposite of deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning makes broad generalizations from specific observations. In inductive inference, we go from the specific to the general. Even if all of the premises are true in a statement, inductive reasoning allows for the conclusion to be false. An inductive argument claims the probability of its conclusion. |
Premise 1: Shyam is a grandfather. Premise 1: Shyam is bald. Conclusion: Therefore, all grandfathers are bald. |
|
Analogical |
An analogical argument is an argument in which one concludes that two things are alike in a certain respect because they are alike in other respects. Hence, we can conclude that the above example comes under the category of Analogical Argument. |
A person without a goal is like a computer without a program. |
The reasoning which would be helpful in seeking new knowledge of facts about the world is:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 8 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFReasoning
- Reasoning consists, essentially, in the employment of intellect, in its ability to ‘see’ beyond, and ‘within’ as well, what is available to senses.
- Reasoning, therefore, can be regarded as an instrument that enables mankind to grasp ‘unknown’ with the help of ‘known’.
- While reasoning can be regarded as an instrument, an inference can be regarded as the process involved in extracting what is unknown from what is known.
- This is precisely the content of the argument, the essence logic.
- And this is the way knowledge keeps growing.
1. Inductive Reasoning :
- A type of reasoning that involves drawing a general conclusion from a set of specific observations.
- Also known as “bottom-up” logic, because it involves widening specific premises out into broader generalizations to come up with new theory/knowledge.
- Inductive reasoning, while not 100% accurate 100% of the time, is still a relatively quick way to make decisions.
- We use inductive reasoning in everyday life to build our understanding of the world.
- Inductive reasoning also underpins the scientific method: scientists gather data through observation and experiment, make hypotheses based on that data, and then test those theories further. That middle step—making hypotheses—is an inductive inference, and they wouldn’t get very far without it.
2. Deductive Reasoning :
- A type of logical thinking that starts with a general idea and reaches a specific conclusion.
- Also known as "top-down" thinking or moving from the general to the specific.
- A common example is the if/then statement. If A = B and B = C, then deductive reasoning tells us that A = C.
- In deductive reasoning, the conclusions are based on the premises and one of the premises is not true, it follows that the conclusion is not true, even though it is valid. If one of the premises is not true, then the conclusion is also not true.
- Example: All dogs have a tail. Buddy is a dog. Therefore, Buddy has a tail.
3. Demonstrative Reasoning :
- When we perceive the agreement or disagreement between two ideas or events indirectly through a series of intermediate ideas.
- For example, if we do not know the relation between A and C but we know that A is greater than B and B is greater than C, then we demonstratively know that A is greater than C.
4. Speculative Reasoning :
- Also known as theoretical or pure reason is theoretical (or logical, deductive) thought, as opposed to practical (active, willing) thought.
- It is directed towards the attainment of the truth.
Therefore, the reasoning which would be helpful in seeking new knowledge of facts about the world is inductive reasoning.
The average of the three positive integers p, q, and r is 10. If it is given that p ≤ q ≤ r and the median of three numbers is p + 2, then what is the smallest possible value of r?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 9 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFCalculation:
Given: the average of the three positive integers p, q, and r is 10
So, p + q + r = 30 ....(1)
Given that p ≤ q ≤ r and the median of three numbers is p + 2
So, q = p + 2
Now, p + q + r = 30
⇒ p + p + 2 + r = 30
⇒ r = 28 - 2p
q ≤ r
⇒ p + 2 ≤ 28 - 2p
⇒ 3p ≤ 26
⇒ p ≤ 8 (since it must be an integer)
Maximum value of p = 8
Maximum value of q = p + 2 = 8 + 2 = 10
Put the value of p and q in equation (1), we get
Minimum value of r = 30 - 10 - 8 = 12
So the maximum values of p & q are 8 and 10, making the minimum value of r is 12.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: If a deductive argument is valid and its premises are true, we say that the argument is sound.
Statement II: If an inductive argument is strong and its premises are true, we say that it is cogent
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 10 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFStatement I: If a deductive argument is valid and its premises are true, we say that the argument is sound.
Explanation:
- A deductive argument establishes a conclusion to be true by stating two or more true premises that lead to the conclusion being true.
- With this type of reasoning, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
- Example: All dogs have ears; golden retrievers are dogs, therefore they have ears.
- Deductive arguments may be said to be valid or invalid, and sound or unsound.
- A valid deductive argument is one whose logical structure or form is such that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
- A sound argument is a valid argument with true premises.
Hence Statement I is true
Statement II: If an inductive argument is strong and its premises are true, we say that it is cogent
Explanation:
- An inductive argument is an assertion that uses specific premises or observations to make a broader generalization.
- In this a general principle is derived from a body of observations.
- Example: In the summer, there are ducks on our pond. Therefore, summer will bring ducks to our pond.
- A strong inductive argument is said to be one whose premises render the conclusion likely.
- A cogent argument is a strong argument with true premises.
- An inductive argument is uncogent if either or both of the following conditions hold the argument is weak, or the argument has at least one false premise.
Hence Statement II is true
Therefore we can say that Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Which of the following options are true regarding inference with reference to classical Indian system of logic?
(A) It is deductive
(B) It is inductive
(C) It has to be formally valid
(D) It has to be materially true
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 11 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFLogic is the study of inference and argument. Logic has always fascinated humankind for its sheer scope of immense arguments and discussions. Important Points
- Logic is an important concept of the Nyaya School of Indian Philosophy.
- It is a way of drawing inferences from prior or existing knowledge.
- In Sanskrit inference is known as ‘anumâna’. Anumâna is the second source of valid knowledge according to the Nyâya-Vaiúeika school.
- Anumâna is a mediated indirect source of knowledge.
- Inferences are made when a person (or machine) goes beyond available evidence to form a conclusion. With a deductive inference, this conclusion always follows the stated premises.
Thus the inference in Indian logic is inductive, deductive, and Valid In Nature. Also, It has to be materially true.
Hence (A), (B), (C) and (D) only are correct options.
Product of two consecutive integers is divisible by 2. Therefore 4*5 (=20) is divisible by 2. This is an example of which type of reasoning?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 12 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFReasoning is an instrument that helps a person to understand ‘Unknown’ with the help of ‘Known’. The purpose of using reasoning is to always justify decisions and actions.
Deductive reasoning
- It is a basic form of valid reasoning
- The conclusion is guaranteed to be true if the premises are true.
- The conclusion cannot be more general than the premise.
- The product of two consecutive integers is divisible by 2.
Premise: 3 X 4 X 5 =60
Conclusion: Therefore, 4 X 5 =20 is divisible by 2. - Given the premise that the product of two consecutive integers is divisible by 2 and 4 X 5 =20, it is logical to assume that 20 is divisible by 2.
- In the above example, three consecutive integers are divisible by 2 is true. This argument is valid. So both the premises are true and hence the conclusion is true.
- The conclusions are based on the premises and one of the premises is not true, it follows that the conclusion is not true, even though it is valid.
- If one of the premises is not true, then the conclusion is also not true.
Hence, The product of two consecutive integers is divisible by 2. Therefore, 4 X 5 =20, is divisible by 2. this is an example of deductive reasoning.
Inductive Reasoning
- It is the process of making generalized decisions after observing, or witnessing, repeated specific instances of something.
- It is a relatively quick way to make decisions.
- Conclusions are drawn from the data.
- In this type of reasoning, we go from the specific to general.
- Even if all of the premises are true in a statement, inductive reasoning allows for the conclusion to be false.
- It is used by scientists to form hypotheses and theories.
Abductive Reasoning
- It starts with an incomplete set of observations and proceeds to the possible explanation for the observations.
- It is based on the hypotheses using authentic information.
- In this type of reasoning, an educated guess is made after observing a phenomenon for which there is no clear explanation.
- It is useful for forming hypotheses to be tested.
- It is often used by doctors who diagnose the patient based on test results.
Informal Reasoning
- Informal reasoning refers to the use of logical thought, and the principles of logic, outside of a formal setting.
- Basically, informal logic uses the application of everyday knowledge, education, and thinking skills to analyze and evaluate information.
Given below is a question followed by three statements. Identify the statements that are necessary to answer the question.
Question: What is the percentage profit gained by a vendor when he sells an article?
Statements:
(i) He gives a 10% discount on the marked price.
(ii) He would have earned 25% profit if he did not give any discount.
(iii) The cost price of the article is Rs. 8000.
Choose the correct option from those given below :
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 13 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFLet be the Marked price be x
(i) Discount = 10 %
S. P. = x × 90% = 0.9x ----(i)
(ii) Profit = 25%
C.P. = (x/125) × 100
C.P. = 0.8x ----(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
Profit % = [(0.9x - 0.8x)/0.8x] × 100
Profit % = 12.5%
∴ Correct option is (i) and (ii) only.
What day of the week was on April 18, 1865?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 14 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFWhen finding the reference date without reference date then formula will be:(Century code+ Year code + Month code + Date code)/7
Day Codes:
Sunday = 0
Monday = 1
Tuesday = 2
Wednesday = 3
Thrusday = 4
Friday = 5
Saturday = 6
Month Codes:
Jan = 1
Feb = 4
Mar = 4
Apr = 0
May = 2
Jun = 5
Jul = 0
Aug = 3
Sep = 6
Oct = 1
Nov = 4
Dec = 6
Century Codes:
1500 - 1599 ---> 0
1600 - 1699 ---> 6
1700 - 1799 ---> 4
1800 - 1899 ---> 2
1900 - 1999 ---> 0
2000 - 2099 ---> 6
2100 - 2199 ---> 4
2200 - 2299 ---> 2
2300 - 2399 ---> 0
Century code for 1865 is 2.
The year code can be find through (last 2 digit of year + (last 2 digit of year/4))/7.
(65 + 65/4)/7 = (65 + 1)/7 = 3
Here remainder will be 3 so year code will be 3
The code for April for non leap year: 0
The code for date will be date/7, here remainder will be 4 so code for date will be 4
Summing up,
(2 + 0 + 3 + 4) / 7 = 9/7
Here remainder is 2 which is code for Tuesday in below given list to on April 18, 1865 day will be Tuesday.
|
Sunday |
Monday |
Tuesday |
Wednesday |
Thursday |
Friday |
Saturday |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
So, the day is Tuesday.
The product of any three consecutive integers is divisible by 6. Therefore, 3 × 4 × 5 (=60), is divisible by 6? Which type of reasoning is embodied here?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Reasoning Question 15 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFReasoning is an instrument that helps a person to understand ‘Unknown’ with the help of ‘Known’. The purpose of using reasoning is to always justify decisions and actions.
Deductive reasoning
- It is a basic form of valid reasoning
- The conclusion is guaranteed to be true if the premises are true.
- The conclusion cannot be more general than the premise.
- The product of any three consecutive integers is divisible by 6.
Premise: 3 X 4 X 5 =60
Conclusion: Therefore, 60 is divisible by 6. - Given the premise that the product of any three consecutive integers is divisible by 6 and 3 X 4 X 5 =60, it is logical to assume that 60 is divisible by 6.
- In the above example, three consecutive integers are divisible by 6 is true. This argument is valid. So both the premises are true and hence the conclusion is true.
- The conclusions are based on the premises and one of the premises is not true, it follows that the conclusion is not true, even though it is valid.
- If one of the premises is not true, then the conclusion is also not true.
Inductive Reasoning
- It is the process of making generalized decisions after observing, or witnessing, repeated specific instances of something.
- It is a relatively quick way to make decisions.
- Conclusions are drawn from the data.
- In this type of reasoning, we go from the specific to general.
- Even if all of the premises are true in a statement, inductive reasoning allows for the conclusion to be false.
- It is used by scientists to form hypotheses and theories.
Non-verbal Reasoning
- It is a problem-solving approach using pictures and diagrams.
- It tests visual analyzing abilities and solves problems based on visual reasoning.
- It enables to analyze and solve complex problems without relying upon or being limited by language skills
Abductive Reasoning
- It starts with an incomplete set of observations and proceeds to the possible explanation for the observations.
- It is based on the hypotheses using authentic information.
- In this type of reasoning, an educated guess is made after observing a phenomenon for which there is no clear explanation.
- It is useful for forming hypotheses to be tested.
- It is often used by doctors who diagnose the patient based on test results.
Hence, The product of any three consecutive integers is divisible by 6. Therefore, 3 X 4 X 5 (=60), is divisible by 6. this is an example of deductive reasoning.