Which of the following is a human-made water body created by blocking the flow of a river or stream?

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  1. Lagoon
  2. Estuary
  3. Oxbow lake
  4. Reservoir

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Reservoir
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The correct answer is Reservoir.

Key Points

  • A reservoir is a human-made water body created by constructing a dam to block the flow of a river or stream.
  • Reservoirs are primarily built to store water for purposes such as irrigation, drinking water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control.
  • Famous examples include the Bhakra Reservoir (India) and the Hoover Dam Reservoir (USA).
  • These artificial water bodies help in managing water resources and ensuring water availability during dry periods.
  • Reservoirs also support aquatic ecosystems and recreational activities like fishing and boating.

Additional Information

  • Lagoon: A lagoon is a shallow water body separated from a larger water body, such as the sea, by a barrier like a sandbank or coral reef.
  • Estuary: An estuary is a coastal area where freshwater from rivers mixes with saltwater from the ocean, creating a unique brackish environment.
  • Oxbow Lake: This is a naturally formed water body created when a river meander is cut off from the main flow, forming a crescent-shaped lake.
  • Dam Construction: The creation of reservoirs often involves building large dams, such as gravity dams, arch dams, or earthen dams, depending on geological and environmental conditions.
  • Environmental Impact: While reservoirs provide significant benefits, they can also disrupt local ecosystems, displace communities, and affect sediment flow in rivers.
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