The horizontal rows of squares in chess are called _______.

The correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

•  The horizontal rows of squares on a chessboard are called "ranks."
• A chessboard consists of eight ranks, labeled from 1 to 8, starting from the bottom and moving upward.
• Each rank contains eight squares, making a total of 64 squares on the chessboard.

​Additional Information

• Pawns are the smallest and most numerous pieces in chess. 
• In chess, the vertical columns of squares on the chessboard are called "files."
• Bishops are one of the chess pieces and are considered minor pieces.
• A standard chessboard consists of an 8x8 grid of alternating light and dark squares. The squares are arranged in two alternating colors, usually referred to as "white" and "black," although they can be any two contrasting colors.
• The pieces include:
  • 8 Pawns: These are the smallest pieces and are represented by small, usually round, discs.
  • 2 Rooks: They are represented by taller pieces with a flat top and are placed in the corners of the board.
  • 2 Knights: They are represented by horse-shaped pieces and are placed next to the rooks.
  • 2 Bishops: They are represented by taller, slender pieces and are placed next to the knights.
  • 1 Queen: It is the most powerful piece and is represented by a taller piece with a crown-like top. It is placed on the remaining square of its color.
  • 1 King: It is the most important piece and is represented by a slightly taller piece with a cross-like top. It is placed on the remaining square of its color.