How does the spear valve inside the nozzle enhance the operational efficiency of a Pelton turbine? 

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  1. By dynamically adjusting the jet velocity to match load demand
  2. By diverting the water jet away from the buckets when needed
  3. By storing excess kinetic energy for later use
  4. By creating turbulence to improve energy dissipation 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : By dynamically adjusting the jet velocity to match load demand
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Pelton wheel

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Pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine that transforms water's potential energy into kinetic energy in the form of a water jet.

Function of the spear valve:

In a Pelton turbine, the spear valve (or needle valve) is positioned inside the nozzle and plays a crucial role in:

  • Regulating the flow rate of water hitting the turbine buckets.
  • Adjusting the jet velocity to match varying load demands.
  • Ensuring efficient energy conversion under fluctuating operating conditions without causing water wastage or mechanical stress.​


This dynamic control enhances the turbine's operational efficiency.
 

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