Consider the following events:

I. Swadeshi Movement

II. Surat Split

III. Lucknow Pact

IV. Home Rule Movement

Which of the above main events took place during the extremist phase?

Key Points

• The Extremist phase of the Indian National Congress is generally considered to be from 1905 to 1919.
• All four events listed - Swadeshi Movement, Surat Split, Lucknow Pact, and Home Rule Movement - occurred within this timeframe.
• The Swadeshi Movement began in 1905 as a response to the partition of Bengal.
• The Surat Split occurred in 1907, the Lucknow Pact in 1916, and the Home Rule Movement began in 1916.

Additional Information

• Swadeshi Movement
  • The Swadeshi Movement was part of the Indian independence movement and aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India through the boycotting of British goods and the revival of domestic products and production processes.
  • This movement was a reaction to the partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British government.
  • It was one of the most successful pre-Gandhian movements and included widespread support from the middle and upper classes.
• Surat Split
  • The Surat Split occurred in 1907 during the Indian National Congress session at Surat.
  • The split was between the Moderates, led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and the Extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
  • This split weakened the Indian National Congress and affected the freedom movement.
• Lucknow Pact
  • The Lucknow Pact was an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League in 1916.
  • It marked the first time that the two major political parties in India came together with a common goal of self-governance.
  • The pact is considered a landmark in the history of the Indian independence movement.
• Home Rule Movement
  • The Home Rule Movement was launched in 1916 by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant.
  • It aimed at achieving self-government for India within the British Empire.
  • The movement gained significant support and was a precursor to the later mass movements for independence.