Modern Indian History MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Modern Indian History - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is 1916- ​Lucknow Session.

Key Points

• Raj Kumar Shukla was the person who convinced M.K. Gandhi to visit Champaran for the Champaran Satyagraha.
• Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Champaran on 10 April 1917.
• Gandhiji met Raj Kumar Shukla, a representative of farmers from Champaran during the 31st session of the Congress in Lucknow in 1916.
• He requested him to come and see for himself the miseries of the indigo ryots there.
• Arvind Mohan wrote the book Mr M.K. Gandhi ki Champaran Diary In September 2017.

Additional Information

• The book Champaran: Satyagrah Ke Sahyogi was written by Arvind Mohan on Rajkumar Shukla.
• The Department of Posts released a stamp in his honour in 2000 to commemorate his 125th birth anniversary.

Lokmanya Tilak (1856-1920):

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak is the original name and Brahmin by birth. ‘Lokmanya’ is a title conferred to him.
• He was an Indian nationalist and a teacher by profession.
• The British used to call him ’The father of Indian unrest.
• Mahatma Gandhi called him the ‘Maker of Modern India’.
• He contributed to spreading nationalists ideas through Kesari and Maratha newspapers.
• He was the most attractive Extremist leader of INC amongst the youth. Hence, option D is correct.
• He was associated with Surat Split 1907, founder of Home Rule League, etc.
• His famous quote is ”Swaraj is my birthright and I will get it”.
• He wrote the ‘Geetarahasya’ book while in jail at Mandalay.
• Dadabhai Nauroji, M.G.Ranade, G.K.Gokhale, etc. were moderate leaders of INC.

B.G.Tilak

Source: www.knowindia.com

The correct answer is - A) 3, B) 2, C) 1, D) 4

Key Points

• Lord Cornwallis
  • Introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal.
  • This was a land revenue system implemented in Bengal in 1793.
  • Landlords (Zamindars) were made the owners of the land and were responsible for collecting and paying the land revenue to the British government.
• Lord Dalhousie
  • Introduced the Doctrine of Lapse.
  • This policy allowed the British East India Company to annex any princely state where the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a direct heir".
• Lord William Bentinck
  • Abolished Sati in 1829.
  • Sati was the practice where a widow was compelled to sacrifice herself on her husband’s funeral pyre.
  • This act was a significant reform towards women's rights and social justice in India.
• Warren Hastings
  • Involved in the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782).
  • This war was fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire.

Additional Information

• Permanent Settlement of Bengal
  • Introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 as part of his land revenue policies.
  • It aimed to create a loyal and wealthy class of landlords who would support British rule.
• Doctrine of Lapse
  • Formulated by Lord Dalhousie, it was used to annex several Indian states including Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur.
  • It was a significant factor leading to the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
• Abolition of Sati
  • Lord William Bentinck's decision to abolish Sati was a major social reform in colonial India.
  • It faced substantial opposition from orthodox Hindu sections but was ultimately enforced.
• First Anglo-Maratha War
  • Warren Hastings played a critical role in the conflict, which ended in the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.
  • The war marked the beginning of a series of conflicts between the British and the Maratha Empire.

The correct answer is - (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Key Points

• Mulshankar
  • Real name of Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
  • He was the founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement.
  • He emphasized the authority of the Vedas.
• Narendra Nath Datta
  • Real name of Swami Vivekanand.
  • He was a key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world.
  • He was a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa.
• Gadadhar Chattopadhyay
  • Real name of Ramakrishna Paramahaṃsa.
  • He was a famous saint and mystic of 19th-century India.
  • He was a spiritual leader who emphasized the unity of all religions.
• Margaret Elizabeth Noble
  • Real name of Bhagini Nivedita.
  • She was a disciple of Swami Vivekanand.
  • She was an Irish social worker, author, teacher, and a major figure in India's struggle for independence.

Additional Information

• Swami Dayanand Saraswati
  • Born in 1824, he was an Indian philosopher, social leader, and founder of the Arya Samaj.
  • His teachings focused on a return to the teachings of the Vedas.
• Swami Vivekanand
  • Born in 1863, he was a key figure in the revival of Hinduism in India and a major force in the contemporary Hindu reform movements.
  • He founded the Ramakrishna Mission and Ramakrishna Math.
• Ramakrishna Paramahaṃsa
  • Born in 1836, he was a renowned mystic of 19th-century India, emphasizing the unity of all religions.
  • He had a large following that included prominent disciples like Swami Vivekanand.
• Bhagini Nivedita
  • Born in 1867, she was an Irish social worker who became a disciple of Swami Vivekanand.
  • She dedicated her life to social work and education in India.

The correct answer is -  December 1927

Key Points

• All-India States People's Conference
  • The All-India States People's Conference (AISPC) was founded on December 1, 1927.
  • The AISPC aimed to promote the interests and rights of the people living in the princely states of India.
  • It played a significant role in the Indian independence movement by integrating the princely states' demands with the broader national movement.
  • The conference was instrumental in advocating for democratic reforms and responsible governance in the princely states.

Additional Information

• Context of Other Dates
  • December 1, 1925: This date does not correspond to the foundation of the AISPC.
  • December 1, 1926: Similarly, no significant event related to the AISPC is recorded on this date.
  • November 1, 1928: While significant in its own right for other historical events, this date does not pertain to the establishment of the AISPC.

The correct answer is Civil Disobedience.

Key Points

• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was associated with the civil disobedience movement of India.
  • The agreement was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin.
  • The pact was signed on 5^th March 1931.
  • Arranged before the second round table conference in London.
  • As per Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji discontinued the Civil Disobedience movement and agreed to attend the second round table conference.
• Proposed conditions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact are:
  1. Participation by the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
  2. Removal of the tax on salt.
  3. Withdrawal of all ordinances imposing curbs on the activities of the Indian National Congress issued by the Government of India.
  4. Discontinuation of Salt March.
• Non-Co-operation movement was the first mass political movement led by Gandhiji.
  • Started in 1920.
  • Main goal: The attainment of Swaraj.
• Rowlatt Act was passed on 6^th February 1919.
  • Gandhiji called this act as 'The Black Act'.
  • Lord Chelmsford was the British viceroy during the Rowlatt Act.
• Quit India resolution was passed on 8^th August 1942.
  • The failure of the Crips mission was the immediate cause of the Quit India movement.
  • "Quit India" was the famous slogan raised during this movement.

The correct answer is Durgabhai Deshmukh. 

Key Points

• Durgabhai Deshmukh was the founder of the Andhra Mahila Sabha.
• She was popularly known as “Iron Lady”.
• She organized Salt Satyagrah during the Civil disobedience movement in Madras and was imprisoned.
• She was the founder of AMS (Andhra Mahila Sabha) institutions and other important social welfare organizations. he, with the help of two other prominent nationalists (A. K. Prakasam and Desodharaka Nageswararao), started the movement in Madras.
• She was arrested and imprisoned for her involvement in a movement that had been banned.
• She also edited a journal known as Andhra Mahila and inspired women to rebel against meaning­less social constraints imposed on them.
• She was a member of the Constituent Assembly.
• She was awarded the Tamrapatra and Paul Hoffman Award after independence in recognition of her service to society.

Additional Information

• Sarojini Naidu:
  • Popularly known as the “Nightingale of India”, was a nationalist and poetess.
  • She was married to Dr. Govindarajulu Naidu in 1898​.
  • Under the guidance of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, she became the first woman to participate in India's struggle for independence.
  • She participated in the Dandi March with Gandhiji and presided over the Kanpur Session of Congress in 1925.
  • She was the first woman to become the Governor of Uttar Pradesh State.

The correct answer is Relation to soil and prosperity.

Key PointsNational Flag:

• The national flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion.
  • Saffron stands for courage.
  • White stands for truth and purity.
  • Green is the symbol of life, abundance, relation to soil, and prosperity.
• The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3.
• Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
• Its diameter approximates the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes.
• The design was given by Pingali Venkaiya.
• The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947.
• It is our Fundamental Duty to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.

The correct answer is Robert Clive.

Key Points

• Robert Clive was the governor of Bengal during 1757-1760 and again during 1765-1767.
• He led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey in 1757.
• The dual government system in India was introduced by Robert Clive.
• He introduced the dual government system in Bengal in 1765.
  • It was continued till 1772.
• The administration of Bengal was divided into Diwani and Nizamat as a result of the dual government system.
• Robert Clive is known as the 'Babur of British India'.

Additional Information

• Warren Hastings is the only governor who was impeached by the British government in India.
  • Warren Hastings abolished the dual government system in 1772.
• The system of Permanent Settlement and civil services were introduced by Lord Cornwallis.
• The Subsidiary Alliance System in India was introduced by Lord Wellesley.

The correct answer is Annie Besant.

Key Points

• Annie Besant was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress.
• She presided over the Indian National Congress at the Calcutta session of 1917.
• She was a leading member of INC.
• She established the Home Rule League in 1916 at Madras.
• She first visited India in 1893 and was involved in the Indian National Movement.

Additional Information

• Sarojini Naidu:
  • She was the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress.
  • She became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Kanpur session in 1925.
  • She was given the title of "Nightingale of India" for her contributions in the field of poetry writing.
  • She was called 'Bharat Kokila'.
  • She is the first woman to hold the office of governor in the dominion of India.
  • She became the governor of the United Provinces in 1947.

Important Points

• Chittaranjan Das became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Gaya session in 1922.
• Motilal Nehru became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Calcutta session in 1928.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel became the president of the Indian National Congress in the Karachi session in 1931.

The correct answer is Sabarmati.

Key Points

Dandi March or Salt Satyagraha was started by Mahatma Gandhi in Sabarmati launched on March 12, 1930, and it lasted till April 5, 1930, in Dandi (Navsari).

• It was a part of Non-violent Civil Disobedience.
• It was against the tax collected by the British Raj on salt and Gandhi opposed this by producing salt through evaporation.
• This significantly influenced American activist's Martin Luther King, James Bevel, and others.
• It is also known as the White Flowing River as all people took part in the march by wearing White Khadi.
• Gandhi called it “Poor Man’s Struggle”.
• Due to this, mass civil disobedience was observed and Indians boycotted British clothes and goods.
• International Walk for Justice and Freedom – Mahatma Gandhi Foundation re-framed and cast the Salt March in 2005 on the 75^th anniversary of Dandi March
• National Salt Satyagraha Memorial – Dandi (inaugurated Jan 30, 2019)

Mistake Points

• C Rajgopalachari, Gandhi’s associate organized Vedaranyam Salt March along the east coast while Gandhi launched along the west coast.
• C Rajgopalachari was the 1^st Governor-General of India after Independence.
• 1^st women arrested in Salt March – Sarojini Naidu
• To commemorate the 50^th and 75^th anniversary of Dandi March in 1980 and 2005 respectively, stamps were also released by the government.

(Stamp released in 2005 on the 75^th anniversary of Dandi Satyagraha)

The correct answer is option Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Key Points

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the “Atmiya Sabha” a precursor organization in the socio-religious reforms in Bengal in the year 1814 in Kolkata.
• It was a philosophical discussion circle where debates and discussions were held leading to the ideas for social reforms. 

The correct answer is 1773.

Key Points

• The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings in 1773.
• He started his career as a writer (clerk) in the East India Company at Calcutta in 1750.
• Established revenue board in 1772.
• He Abolished the dual system of governance.
• He Founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal with William Jones in 1784 in Calcutta.
• Warren Hastings laid the foundation of civil service and Lord Cornwallis reformed, modernized, and rationalized it.

• The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings.
• The first official governor-general of British India was Lord William Bentinck.
• The first governor-general of the Dominion of India was Lord Mountbatten.
• The first and last governor-general of free India was Chakravarti Rajagopalachari.

The correct answer is C A B D.

Key Points

• Hunter commission - 1882
  • It was constituted to look into the status of elementary education of India.
  • Its another objective was to look into the failure in implementation of Wood's Despatch.
  • William Wilson Hunter was the chairman of this commission who was a member of Indian Civil Services.
  • Its another name was Higher Education Commission.
  • It was appointed by Lord Rippon, Viceroy of India.
  • Recommendations-
    1. Encourage primary education
    2. Progress in Secondary education.
    3.  Grant-in aid for schools
    4. Moral and Physical education were emphasized.
• Saddler Commission - 1917
  • Dr Michael Sadler was the chairman of this committee.
  • It recommended 10+2+3 pattern of education.
  • Purdah schools were established for Muslim girls.
  • It recommended separate board for secondary and intermediate education.
• Wood's Despatch - 1854
  • ​Charles Wood, who was the president of Board of control of English education in EIC, sent a despatch to Lord Dalhousie.
  • This laid down the foundation of education in India.
  • He emphasized on Art, science, literature and philosophy of Europe, in his recommendations. 
• Sargent Plan - 1944
  • ​Sir John Sargeant was asked to prepare a comprehensive plan for education in India in the year 1944.
  • It recommended promotion of pre-primary education.
  • Secondary schools were intended to provide education to those students who were above average and had excellent aptitude for higher education.

The correct answer is Kisan Kanya.

Key Points

• Kisan Kanya was a 1937 Hindi Cinecolor feature film which was directed by Moti Gidwani and produced by Ardeshir Irani of Imperial Pictures.
• It is largely remembered by the Indian public on account of it being India's first indigenously made colour film

 Important Points

• Dadasaheb Phalke's silent Raja Harishchandra (1913) is the first feature film made in India.
• The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Irani's Alam Ara (1931), was commercially successful.
• By the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per year.