Format and Styles of Referencing MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Format and Styles of Referencing - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is - Use the first author's last name followed by et al.

Key Points

• In APA style, when there are three or more authors, only the first author’s last name is used in the in-text citation, followed by "et al."
• This convention simplifies citations when there are many authors, keeping the text concise.
• For example, a citation for a work with three or more authors would look like this: (Smith et al., 2023).
• The "et al." notation stands for "and others" and represents the remaining authors in the citation.
• This practice helps avoid long and cumbersome citations, especially when multiple authors are involved.

Additional Information

• In the reference list, all authors are listed up to 20 names before using "et al." for subsequent authors.
• This rule applies to the first in-text citation as well as all subsequent citations of the same source.
• Using "et al." makes the citation process more efficient and reader-friendly, particularly in texts with numerous citations.

APA format is a writing style guide and format produced by the American Psychological Association.

Important Points

APA format is the official style of the American Psychological Association (APA) and is commonly used to cite bibliography in psychology, education, and social sciences research. By using the APA style, researchers and students writing about psychology can communicate information about their ideas and experiments in a consistent format.

• APA format is a writing style and citation format used in academic writing in the social sciences,
• which includes psychology, sociology, education, and other related fields.
• The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes the APA style guide, which provides guidelines for formatting papers,
• citing sources, and other aspects of writing in the social sciences.

Additional Information 

Basic Rules of APA Style

• Author’s names are always inverted, (last name first); although you use the last name and initials for the authors, such as Boyd, L.J.
• Your reference list should also be alphabetized by the author’s last name. 
• If you have more than one work by a particular author, order them according to publication date.
• Use “&” instead of “and” when listing multiple authors of a single work. 
• All lines after the first line of each entry should be indented one-half inch from the left margin.
• This is called a hanging indentation. Your citations should also be double–spaced. 
• Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle of a work
• Italicize titles of books and journals, and note that italics continue beyond both commas and periods.
• Unpublished communications, such as emails and private interviews are not cited in a reference list because they are non-retrievable. 
• When citing sources from the Internet, such as Web pages, use n.d. (no date) if the publication date is not available.

A format of APA style referencing:

Key Points

1. Name of the author (C)
2. Title of the article (D)
3. Volume number (B)
4. DOI number (A)

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• Name of author: In APA style, the reference list is organized alphabetically by the last names of the authors.
• Therefore, the name of the author is the first piece of information in a reference entry.
• Title of the article: The title of the article follows the author's name(s) in APA reference entries. It comes after the author's name and before the journal title, volume number, and DOI. This statement is correct but not as the first element.
• Volume number: The volume number is an important element for journal articles and is included after the title of the journal in APA reference entries.

• DOI number: In APA style, the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) number is indeed a crucial piece of information for electronic sources.
• It typically comes at the end of the reference entry.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is - Author, First name. "Title of the Article." Journal Name, vol. X, no. X, Year, pp. X-X.

Key Points

• In MLA style, a journal article is cited with the author’s first and last name followed by the title of the article in quotation marks.
• The journal name is italicized and is followed by the volume and issue number, if applicable.
• The year of publication is provided after the volume and issue number, and the page range of the article is given at the end.
• For example: Smith, John. "The Effects of Climate Change." Environmental Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022, pp. 45-67.

Additional Information

• MLA format ensures consistency across academic writing, helping readers to quickly locate and verify sources.
• When citing online journal articles, the DOI or a URL can be included at the end of the citation.

The correct answer is - Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.

Key Points

• In APA referencing, a book with a single author is cited as: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
• The author's last name is followed by their initials.
• The year of publication is placed in parentheses, right after the author’s name.
• The title of the book is italicized, and only the first word of the title and subtitle (if any) are capitalized.
• The publisher's name is placed at the end without any extra punctuation, ensuring clarity and consistency.

Additional Information

• In APA style, there is no need to include location information for the publisher, such as city or country.
• If the book has a DOI or online link, it can be included at the end of the citation after the publisher's name.
• This format ensures consistency across sources, making it easy for readers to locate references.

The correct answer is - Notes style uses footnotes/endnotes, Author-Date uses in-text citations.

Key Points

• Footnotes/Endnotes: The Notes and Bibliography style predominantly uses footnotes or endnotes to reference sources.
• This style allows for detailed citations at the bottom of the page or at the end of the document.
• In-Text Citations: The Author-Date system, conversely, utilizes in-text citations, where the author's last name and the year of publication are included within the text itself.
• Reference Lists: Both systems typically include a reference list or bibliography at the end of the document, but the key difference is the preferred citation method within the document.

Additional Information

• The choice between these systems often depends on the discipline. Humanities subjects such as history frequently use the Notes and Bibliography style, while sciences and social sciences prefer the Author-Date style.
• The Notes style's footnotes/endnotes provide context and additional commentary, whereas the Author-Date style's in-text citations promote a cleaner and less interrupted reading experience.

The correct answer is - Author's last name, First name. "Title of the Chapter." Title of the Book, edited by Editor's First name Last name, Publisher, Year, pages.

Key Points

• In MLA style, to cite a book chapter from an edited collection, start with the chapter author’s last name and first name.
• The chapter title is placed in quotation marks, followed by the title of the book in italics.
• The name of the editor is included after the book title, preceded by "edited by."
• Next, add the publisher, the year of publication, and the page range of the chapter at the end.
• For example: Smith, John. "Cultural Studies in Modern Times." Understanding Culture, edited by Jane Doe, Academic Press, 2020, pp. 34-56.

Additional Information

• This format ensures that both the author of the chapter and the editor of the book receive proper acknowledgment in the citation.
• MLA style is flexible for citing different types of sources within an edited collection, making it useful in the humanities.

APA is the accepted style of referencing in writing an educational research report.

Key PointsAPA Style of referencing:

• APA style uses the author/date method of citation in which the author's last name and the year of the publication are inserted in the actual text of the paper.
• It is the style recommended by the American Psychological Association and used in many of the social sciences.
• The American Psychological Association addresses new electronic formats in a separate guide, which UT students can access in book format or online through the library.
• Several of the examples in this guide come from one of these sources.
• The American Psychological Association offers some guidance and examples at http://www.apastyle.org/.
• The Writing Center, on the first floor of Carlson, also offers help to students who are writing papers.

Additional Information

There are many different ways of citing resources from your research. The citation style sometimes depends on the academic discipline involved. For example:

• APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences
• MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities
• Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts

DSM III:

• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria.
• In 1974, the decision to create a new revision of the DSM was made, and Robert Spitzer was selected as chairman of the task force.
• The initial impetus was to make the DSM nomenclature consistent with that of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
• The revision took on a far wider mandate under the influence and control of Spitzer and his chosen committee members

The correct answer is - 3) C, D, A, B

Key Points

• APA style of journal article referencing
  • The initials of the author (C) are listed first to give credit to the original researcher.
  • The title of the article (D) follows to identify the specific work referenced.
  • The name of the journal (A) in italics comes next to specify the publication source.
  • The doi (B) is included last to provide a direct, permanent link to the document.
  • The correct sequence ensures that each part of the reference is easily identifiable and provides comprehensive citation details.

Additional Information

• APA Referencing Basics
  • APA style is commonly used in the social sciences for standardizing the presentation of research.
  • Key elements include the author's name, publication year, title of the work, and source details.
  • References are listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name in the reference list.
• Digital Object Identifier (doi)
  • A doi is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a digital document to provide a permanent link.
  • It enhances the ease of locating and accessing the source.
  • DOIs are particularly important for electronic articles to ensure long-term accessibility.
• Importance of Accurate Referencing
  • Proper referencing acknowledges the original authors and helps avoid plagiarism.
  • It provides readers with the information needed to locate the original sources.
  • Accurate references contribute to the credibility and reliability of academic work.

The correct answer is -  American Psychological Association

Key Points

• American Psychological Association (APA):
  • APA stands for the "American Psychological Association."
  • This organization is primarily responsible for creating and maintaining a widely used citation style in academic writing, often referred to as "APA Style."
  • The APA Style is predominantly used in the fields of psychology, education, and other social sciences.

Additional Information

• Essentials of APA Style:
  • In-text Citations:
    • APA Style uses the author-date method for in-text citations, typically involving the author's last name and the year of publication, e.g., (Smith, 2020).
  • Reference List:
    • At the end of the academic document, a reference list includes full citations for all sources cited in the text. This list is titled "References" and is formatted with specific guidelines for various types of sources.
  • Formatting Guide:
    • APA Style provides comprehensive guidelines on formatting papers, including title pages, abstracts, headings, and other structural elements.