Format and Styles of Referencing MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Format and Styles of Referencing - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - 3) C, D, A, B

Key Points

• APA style of journal article referencing
  • The initials of the author (C) are listed first to give credit to the original researcher.
  • The title of the article (D) follows to identify the specific work referenced.
  • The name of the journal (A) in italics comes next to specify the publication source.
  • The doi (B) is included last to provide a direct, permanent link to the document.
  • The correct sequence ensures that each part of the reference is easily identifiable and provides comprehensive citation details.

Additional Information

• APA Referencing Basics
  • APA style is commonly used in the social sciences for standardizing the presentation of research.
  • Key elements include the author's name, publication year, title of the work, and source details.
  • References are listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name in the reference list.
• Digital Object Identifier (doi)
  • A doi is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a digital document to provide a permanent link.
  • It enhances the ease of locating and accessing the source.
  • DOIs are particularly important for electronic articles to ensure long-term accessibility.
• Importance of Accurate Referencing
  • Proper referencing acknowledges the original authors and helps avoid plagiarism.
  • It provides readers with the information needed to locate the original sources.
  • Accurate references contribute to the credibility and reliability of academic work.

The correct answer is - Modern Language Association

Key Points

• Modern Language Association (MLA):
  • MLA stands for the "Modern Language Association."
  • This organization is responsible for creating and maintaining the MLA citation style, which is widely used in the humanities, particularly in writing on language and literature.
  • The MLA citation style emphasizes the author-page format for in-text citations and a detailed "Works Cited" page at the end of the document.

Additional Information

• Essentials of MLA Style:
  • In-text Citations:
    • MLA Style uses the author-page method for in-text citations, which typically includes the author's last name and the page number, e.g., (Smith 45).
  • Works Cited Page:
    • The reference list at the end of the paper is titled "Works Cited" and lists full citations for all sources used in the text.
    • The entries in the "Works Cited" page are arranged alphabetically by the author's last name.
  • Formatting Guidelines:
    • MLA provides specific guidelines on paper formatting, including the use of 12-point Times New Roman font, double-spacing, and 1-inch margins.
    • The MLA format does not require a title page, but instead, a heading at the top of the first page with the author's name, instructor's name, course, and date.

The correct answer is -  Indian Citation Index

Key Points

• Indian Citation Index (ICI):
  • ICI is a homegrown abstracts and citation database.
  • It includes multidisciplinary information from about 1000 top Indian scholarly journals.
  • The database is designed to support researchers, policy makers, and decision makers by providing a powerful search engine for literature search and evaluation.
  • ICI is unique in its ability to move both back in time to previously published papers and forward in time to determine subsequent citations.

Additional Information

• Scope and Objectives of ICI:
  • Scope:
    • Covers Indian R&D literature across disciplines such as science, technology, medicine, agriculture, social sciences, and humanities.
    • Includes publications from over 1000 journals and other scholarly documents originating from India.
  • Objectives:
    • To provide access to articles published in Indian R&D literature at both national and global levels.
    • To accurately represent and reflect the scholarly contributions published in India.
    • To offer an authentic tool for rigorous evaluation of Indian scholarly works.

The correct answer is - Notes style uses footnotes/endnotes, Author-Date uses in-text citations.

Key Points

• Footnotes/Endnotes: The Notes and Bibliography style predominantly uses footnotes or endnotes to reference sources.
• This style allows for detailed citations at the bottom of the page or at the end of the document.
• In-Text Citations: The Author-Date system, conversely, utilizes in-text citations, where the author's last name and the year of publication are included within the text itself.
• Reference Lists: Both systems typically include a reference list or bibliography at the end of the document, but the key difference is the preferred citation method within the document.

Additional Information

• The choice between these systems often depends on the discipline. Humanities subjects such as history frequently use the Notes and Bibliography style, while sciences and social sciences prefer the Author-Date style.
• The Notes style's footnotes/endnotes provide context and additional commentary, whereas the Author-Date style's in-text citations promote a cleaner and less interrupted reading experience.

The correct answer is - Footnotes or Endnotes

Key Points

• In the Chicago Notes and Bibliography style, full citations are placed in footnotes or endnotes.
• Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page, providing readers with immediate access to citation information.
• Endnotes are collected at the end of the document, which can help keep the pages visually cleaner.
• This system allows for detailed citation information to be included without interrupting the flow of the text.
• For example, a citation in a footnote might read: John Smith, *Title of the Book* (Publisher, 2020), 45.
• This style is commonly used in the humanities, particularly in history, literature, and art disciplines.

Additional Information

• Footnotes and endnotes allow for additional commentary or explanations, which can enhance the reader's understanding.
• The bibliography or reference list is still required at the end of the document, summarizing all sources used.
• Using this method helps maintain a clean text layout while still providing comprehensive citation details.

Citations is referencing style used for giving credit to others for their creative and intellectual works. 

Key Points

• A referencing style is a uniform approach to citing the sources both in the body of your writing and in the reference list.
• There are different types of referencing styles as MLA, APA, the Harvard system, MHRA, Chicago/Turabian and IEEE Style.
• Whereas, MLA stands for Modern Language Association and was established in 1883. 
• It was founded for educational, scientific, and literary purposes. 
• MLA style is mainly used in Humanities subjects. 

Thus, the full form of 'MLA' is Modern Language Association. 

Additional Information

• MLA consists of two parts: in-text citations and Works Cited. 
• Some of the Abbreviation of standard citations styles: 
  • APA (American Psychological Association)
  • MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) system.

Chicago style​ is used for research in the field of Business, History, and Arts.

Key Points

Chicago referencing style

• A cited reference in the text, a related footnote at the bottom of the page, and a bibliographic list of references are the three components that make up the Chicago referencing style.
• You should be careful to adhere to the Chicago style's rules for word placement and punctuation.

Additional Information 

APA style:

• When citing sources inside of a paper, APA and MLA both use parenthetical, in-text references.
• The page number and the author's last name are used as references in MLA style.
• The author's last name and the year of publication are used in APA style.
• APA demands the author, year, and page number when a direct quote is utilized.

MLA style:

• The Modern Language Association devised the referencing system known as MLA style.
• MLA both use parenthetical, in-text references

IEEE citation style:

• In a paper, you can cite your sources using the IEEE citation style.
• The organization that developed the rules is known by the initials IEEE or Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
• Electrical and electronic engineering, computer science, and other technical subjects frequently employ this citation format.
• IEEE employs a numbered citation format.

Key Points

Therefore the correct code  is (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III).
Additional Information

Chicago Style:

• The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) covers a variety of topics from manuscript preparation and publication to grammar, usage, and documentation
• All entries in the bibliography will include the author (or editor, compiler, translator), title, and publication information.

Technical lapse (error) on the part of the researcher

• Errors can be classified into slips and lapses and mistakes according to how they occur.
• Slips and lapses are found in skilled behavior - execution of procedures that the user has already learned.
• For example,
  • Error in the format of the thesis.
  • Error while writing the reference either in MLA or in APA style.
  • Ignoring editing and proofreading.
• At this level, the researcher can commit skill-based errors (slips or lapses).
• In the case of slips and lapses, the person's intentions were correct, but the execution of the action was flawed - done incorrectly, or not done at all.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The unethical practice of the researcher

• Obtaining work or information from someone else and submitting it under one's own name.
• Copying word for word or lifting phrases or a unique word from a source or reference, whether oral, printed, or on the internet, without proper attribution.
• Falsification of Data, Records, and/or Official Documents.
• Not including the name of the person who contributes to the research in any manner,.
• Failure to obtain consent from a person whose name is cited in the manuscript.

The inability of the researcher to write a thesis

• Low quality of the data that has been collected.
• Inattentive while interviewing.
• the limitations are not mentioned in the thesis.
• Choosing the wrong topic.
• Choosing readers and editors who are not critical enough.

Lack of commitment on the part of the researcher to write a thesis

• It is the failure to commit to something.
• The researcher does not fully explore the topic.
• the review of related literature does not justify the result and conclusions made by the researcher. 
• Disorganization.

A research thesis is a report on a research project or study or an extended analysis of a topic.

Assertion (A): Format and styles of referencing in a research thesis are formal requirements.

• Format and styles of referencing in a research thesis are important to show the reader that the researcher has done proper research is done by listing sources.
• it is also used to get information.
• To be a responsible scholar by giving credit to other researchers and acknowledging their ideas.
• To avoid plagiarism by quoting words and ideas used by other authors.

Reason (R): Formal requirements and their observance help promote standardization and objectivity.

• A good thesis should be clear and unambiguous and should have a logical structure that should assist the reader's understanding of the argument being presented not obscure it.
• In order to achieve this objective, the layout, and physical appearance of the thesis should conform to a set pattern.

Therefore, Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

APA format is a writing style guide and format produced by the American Psychological Association.

Important Points

APA format is the official style of the American Psychological Association (APA) and is commonly used to cite bibliography in psychology, education, and social sciences research. By using the APA style, researchers and students writing about psychology can communicate information about their ideas and experiments in a consistent format.

• APA format is a writing style and citation format used in academic writing in the social sciences,
• which includes psychology, sociology, education, and other related fields.
• The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes the APA style guide, which provides guidelines for formatting papers,
• citing sources, and other aspects of writing in the social sciences.

Additional Information 

Basic Rules of APA Style

• Author’s names are always inverted, (last name first); although you use the last name and initials for the authors, such as Boyd, L.J.
• Your reference list should also be alphabetized by the author’s last name. 
• If you have more than one work by a particular author, order them according to publication date.
• Use “&” instead of “and” when listing multiple authors of a single work. 
• All lines after the first line of each entry should be indented one-half inch from the left margin.
• This is called a hanging indentation. Your citations should also be double–spaced. 
• Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle of a work
• Italicize titles of books and journals, and note that italics continue beyond both commas and periods.
• Unpublished communications, such as emails and private interviews are not cited in a reference list because they are non-retrievable. 
• When citing sources from the Internet, such as Web pages, use n.d. (no date) if the publication date is not available.

A format of APA style referencing:

APA is the accepted style of referencing in writing an educational research report.

Key PointsAPA Style of referencing:

• APA style uses the author/date method of citation in which the author's last name and the year of the publication are inserted in the actual text of the paper.
• It is the style recommended by the American Psychological Association and used in many of the social sciences.
• The American Psychological Association addresses new electronic formats in a separate guide, which UT students can access in book format or online through the library.
• Several of the examples in this guide come from one of these sources.
• The American Psychological Association offers some guidance and examples at http://www.apastyle.org/.
• The Writing Center, on the first floor of Carlson, also offers help to students who are writing papers.

Additional Information

There are many different ways of citing resources from your research. The citation style sometimes depends on the academic discipline involved. For example:

• APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences
• MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities
• Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts

DSM III:

• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria.
• In 1974, the decision to create a new revision of the DSM was made, and Robert Spitzer was selected as chairman of the task force.
• The initial impetus was to make the DSM nomenclature consistent with that of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
• The revision took on a far wider mandate under the influence and control of Spitzer and his chosen committee members

The correct answer is - 3) C, D, A, B

Key Points

• APA style of journal article referencing
  • The initials of the author (C) are listed first to give credit to the original researcher.
  • The title of the article (D) follows to identify the specific work referenced.
  • The name of the journal (A) in italics comes next to specify the publication source.
  • The doi (B) is included last to provide a direct, permanent link to the document.
  • The correct sequence ensures that each part of the reference is easily identifiable and provides comprehensive citation details.

Additional Information

• APA Referencing Basics
  • APA style is commonly used in the social sciences for standardizing the presentation of research.
  • Key elements include the author's name, publication year, title of the work, and source details.
  • References are listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name in the reference list.
• Digital Object Identifier (doi)
  • A doi is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a digital document to provide a permanent link.
  • It enhances the ease of locating and accessing the source.
  • DOIs are particularly important for electronic articles to ensure long-term accessibility.
• Importance of Accurate Referencing
  • Proper referencing acknowledges the original authors and helps avoid plagiarism.
  • It provides readers with the information needed to locate the original sources.
  • Accurate references contribute to the credibility and reliability of academic work.

Key PointsAPA style of referencing:

• The guidelines of the American Psychological Association’s Publication Manual are widely used in the health and social sciences.
• The American Psychological Association (APA) updated its style manual in the fall of 2019.
• The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style.
• The seventh edition APA Manual, revealed in Oct 2019, is the most current edition.
• However, the sixth edition, revealed in 2009, remains employed by several universities and journals.

Hence, the correct answer is the 7th edition.

Citations is referencing style used for giving credit to others for their creative and intellectual works. 

Key Points

• A referencing style is a uniform approach to citing the sources both in the body of your writing and in the reference list.
• There are different types of referencing styles as MLA, APA, the Harvard system, MHRA, Chicago/Turabian and IEEE Style.
• Whereas, MLA stands for Modern Language Association and was established in 1883. 
• It was founded for educational, scientific, and literary purposes. 
• MLA style is mainly used in Humanities subjects. 

Thus, the full form of 'MLA' is Modern Language Association. 

Additional Information

• MLA consists of two parts: in-text citations and Works Cited. 
• Some of the Abbreviation of standard citations styles: 
  • APA (American Psychological Association)
  • MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) system.