Archaeological sources MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Archaeological sources - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is Ywan Chwang.

Key Points

• Hsuan Tsang (Yuan Chwang), a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who came to India during the reign of King Harshabardhan.
  • He was arriving in 630 A.D. he stayed for 15 years, studying Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism in such monasteries as Kashmir, Sialkot, Kanauj, and Nalanda.
  • He carried to China 657 pu (parts) of the Buddhist literature - Hinayana Sutras, commentaries and disciplinary rules, Mahayana texts & commentaries, and a few treatises on logic & etymology.

Additional Information

• Fahien was the first Chinese monk to travel to India in search of great Buddhist scriptures.
  • He came to India during the reign of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya.
  • He is known for his visit to Lumbini.
• Sung Yun was a 'Chinese Buddhist monk'.
  • He came to India in 518 CE along with the monk 'Hui Zheng, Fa Li, and Zheng Fouze', during the reign of Buddhist Empress Hu who belongs to the Northern Wei Dynasty.
  • He visited the Swat valley in northwestern India and wrote the account of the Gandhara dynasty.
• I-tsing was a Chinese traveler, he visited India in connection with Buddhism.
  • His works are Biographies of Eminent Monks.

The correct answer is a museum with a collection of artifacts from the Harappan period.

Key Points

• Sources of history can be classified as:
  • Primary sources 
  • Secondary sources
  • Tertiary sources
• Primary sources of history contain artifacts or documents, diaries, interviews, plays, novels etc.
• Secondary sources include books and articles about the topic like Early India- a book by Romila Thapar.
• Tertiary sources are publications that summarize and digest the information in primary and secondary sources to provide background on a topic.

Thus, we can say that a museum with a collection of artifacts from the Harappan period is the primary source of history.

The correct answer is ​Eran--Rewa.

Key Points

Eran

• Eran is an ancient town and archaeological site in the Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
•  It was one of the ancient mints for Indian dynasties as evidenced by the diverse coins excavated here.
• The site has 5th and 6th-century Gupta era temples and monuments, particularly the colossal stone boar with sages and scholars depicted on the body of the sculpture.
• The inscription stones found at Eran are important to reconstructing the chronology of Gupta Empire history.
• . Eran or Erakina was the capital of Erakina (Airikina) Pradesha or Airkina Vishaya, an administrative division of the Gupta empire.

Additional Information

Bhimbetka-Raisen

• ​The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site in central India that spans the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period.
• It exhibits the earliest traces of human life in India and evidence of Stone Age starting at the site in Acheulian times.
• It is located in the Raisen District in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south-east of Bhopal.
• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that consists of seven hills

Adamgarh-Hoshangabad

• Adamgarh Hills is located in the Hoshangabad town of the Hoshangabad district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Adamgarh Hills are famous for the pre-historic rock shelters and rock paintings found in the hills. Stone age artefacts, lower palaeolithic and Mesolithic implements have been excavated here.

Gyaraspur-Vidisha

• ​Gyaraspur is at town in the Vidisha district, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is also the headquarters of a tehsil of the same name.
• Gyaraspur was of considerable importance in medieval India.
• The place has several ruins of several old Hindu, Jain and Buddhist places of worship. \These include Maladevi Temple, Hindola Torna and the Bajramath Surya Temple

The ancient system of education was the education of the Vedas, Brahmanas, Upanishads and Dharmasutras.

• We have heard the names of Aryabhata, Panini, Katyayana and Patanjali.
• Their writings and the medical treatises of Charaka and Sushruta were also some of the sources of learning.

Important Points

One of the most famous scholars of ancient time was Panini, who prepared a grammar for Sanskrit.

• He was an expert in language and grammar and authored one of the greatest works on grammar called Ashtadhyayi.
• He arranged the vowels and the consonants in a special order and then used these to create formulae like those found in Algebra.
• He used these to write down the rules of the language in short formulae (around 3000 of them!).

Thus, the correct option will be Panini.

Key Points

• During the 6th century BCE, an Indian physician named Sushruta - widely regarded as the 'Father of Indian Medicine' and 'Father of Plastic Surgery' - wrote one of the world's earliest works on medicine and surgery.
• Aryabhatta is among the mathematicians who brought new deductions and theories in mathematics and astronomy.
  • His contribution to mathematics is unmatched and cannot be ignored, as he was the one who deduced the approximate value of pi, which he found to be 3.14.
• Shankaracharya was an early 8th-century Indian philosopher who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.

Ashoka was one of the greatest rulers known to history and on his instructions, inscriptions were inscribed on pillars, as well as on rock surfaces. ​Important Points

• Pillar Edicts
  • There are seven pillar edicts.
  • Two types of stones are used: spotted white sandstone (from Mathura) and buff coloured sandstone and quartzite (from Amaravati). Generally, they are made of sandstone quarried from Chunar. They have almost similar form and dimensions.
  • All the pillars are monoliths (carved out of stone) and the surface is well polished.
  • They have been found in different places like Kandahar (Afghanistan), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), Delhi, Vaishali and Champaran (Bihar), Sarnath and Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh), Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh), and Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh).
  • Fragments of the same edict are found in different places.
  • Many pillars are as high as 50 feet and weigh as much as 50 tons.
  • They are devoid of bases and the cylindrical shaft tapers slightly upwards to a height of 12-14 m. A cylindrical bolt joins the top of the shaft to the capital, and have a bell capital (a stone carved in the shape of an inverted lotus).
  • There is a platform (abacus) on the top of the bell capital which supports the crowned animal.
  • The pillars depict animals such as elephants and lions and wheels and lotuses which are all significant symbols in Buddhism.
  • The majestic pillar edicts have been found at Topra, Rampurva, Nigali Sagar, Lauriya-Araraj, Lauriya Nandangarh, Sarnath and Meerut. Feroz Shah Tughlaq shifted pillars, one from Topra and the other from Meerut, to Delhi.
• The Lumbini Pillar inscription, also called the Paderia inscription, is an inscription in the ancient Brahmi script, discovered in December 1896 on a pillar of Ashoka in Lumbini, modern Nepal.

From the above, we can say that Ujjain was an important city but not a place where inscriptions were found.

History defies precise definition. In fact, no academic discipline in Social Sciences includes so many varying concepts and possesses so complex a character, as history does. The notion of the philosophy of history or philosophical reflections upon history is open to more than one interpretation.

Here are some example of Philosophers of History and their works-

Correct answer is: G.P. Gooch

The 19th century father of history, Leopold von Ranke, originally quoted “History has as its task the task of judging the past, of instructing the present for the benefit of coming ages… [The aim of my work] is only to show how things really were.”

However, this was later revised by G.P. Gooch in his book—History and Historians in the Ninth Century, Second Edition [London: Lowe & Brydone, Ltd., 1952], p. 74 which reads in the previous section: “[The aim of my work] is only to show how things really were.”

The correct answer is Ramacharita.

Key Points The Ramacharitam is a Sanskrit epic poem written in Arya meter by Sandhyakar Nandi during Pala Empire.

• This work simultaneously narrates the story of the Ramayana and the Pala king Ramapala. 
• Sandhyakar Nandi was patronaged by Madanapala and his biographical details are retrieved from the Kaviprashasti (of 20 couplets) appended at the end.
• Nandi hailed from Brihadbatu, a village close to Pundravardhana, and was the son of Prajapati Nandi, who was the Sandhi-Vigrahika (minister of peace and war) of Ramapala.

Additional Information

• Kumarapalacharita was written by Hemchandra.
  • He was an Indian Jain scholar, poet, mathematician, and polymath who wrote on grammar, philosophy, prosody, mathematics, and contemporary history.
  • The book was about Chalukya King Kumarapala.
  • Kumarapala was an Indian king from the Chaulukya (Solanki) dynasty of Gujarat. He ruled present-day Gujarat and surrounding areas, from his capital Anahilapataka (modern Patan).
• Jain Literature in the form of manuscripts and publications during the 8th century A.D. is very rich.
  • For the social and cultural history of Rajasthan, the Jain sources literary as well as Archeology are important and immensely valuable.
  • Uddyotana Suri’s work on Kuvalayamala Kaha is very exhaustive work on the social and cultural history of the people during the period under study.
  • The Kuvalayamala mentioned the social, cultural, political and economic condition of the people. 
• The Gaudavaho ( 'slaying of the king of Gauda' ) is known to be a Prakrit Epic composed by Vākpatirāja, a poet living in the court of Yasovarman, king of Kanauj.

Key Points

• Achaleshwar Inscription - 1285 AD
• Bijolia Inscription - 1170 AD
• Chirwa Inscription - 1273 AD
• Kumbhalgarh Prashasti - 1460 AD
  • Hence, option (3) is incorrect.​

Additional Information

• Achaleshwar Inscription - 1285 AD.
  • According to the 1274 CE Chittor inscription and 1285 AD Achaleshwar (Abu) inscription of Vedasharma, Bappa Rawal "changed his priestly splendour for regal lustre".
  • The Atpur inscription describes Guhadatta as a "Mahideva", which according to historian R. V. Somani, can be translated as either "king" or "Brahmin.​
• Bijolia Inscription - 1170 AD
  • ​The Bijolia inscription dating back V.S. 1226 (1170 AD), issued during the reign of Someshvara, is very important because it throws new light on the early history of the Chahamana dynasty.
  • It has 30 lines and 90 verses. In various verses, praise has been offered to Rishabhnatha, the first Jain Tirthankara, Shantinatha (16th Tirthankara), Parshvanatha (23rd Tirthankara) and Mahavira, 24th and last Tirthankara.
• ​Chirwa Inscription - 1273 AD
  • ​It has been inscribed in 1273 AD at the door of the temple of Udaipur revealing the achievements of Bappa Rawal's ancestors.
  • It describes the social and religious conditions of the age.
• Kumbhalgarh Prashasti - 1460 AD
  • It is the most important source of knowing the ancestry of Mewar kings.​