Communication for Development MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Communication for Development - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is The speaker’s use of rhetorical strategies.

Key Points

In Aristotle’s Model of Communication, the primary focus is on persuasion. Aristotle identified three key rhetorical strategies that a speaker should use to persuade or influence the audience effectively. These strategies are:

• Ethos (Credibility):

The speaker’s credibility or trustworthiness plays a significant role in how the audience perceives the message. If the audience believes the speaker is knowledgeable and reliable, they are more likely to accept the message.

• Pathos (Emotional Appeal):

Pathos refers to the emotional appeal used by the speaker to connect with the audience on a deeper emotional level. The speaker might invoke emotions like happiness, fear, sadness, or anger to engage the audience and motivate them to act or change their thinking.

• Logos (Logical Appeal):

Logos is the use of reasoning or logic to persuade the audience. The speaker presents well-structured arguments, evidence, and facts to appeal to the audience’s rational side and make the message convincing.
Why D is Correct:
Rhetorical strategies like ethos, pathos, and logos are crucial in Aristotle's model because they are the tools the speaker uses to persuade the audience. These strategies help the speaker achieve their goal of influencing the audience’s opinions, emotions, or actions.

Additional Information 

A) The audience's decoding ability: While decoding (interpreting) the message is important, Aristotle's model focuses on the speaker’s ability to craft a persuasive message, not on how the audience decodes it.

B) The clarity of the message: While the clarity of the message is important in communication, it is not the primary factor in Aristotle's model. The speaker’s ability to use rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, and logos) is more important for effective persuasion.

C) The context of the communication: The context (e.g., time, place, situation) is relevant in communication, but in Aristotle’s model, it’s the speaker’s persuasive techniques that take center stage. Context influences how the message is delivered, but it’s the rhetorical appeals that determine the message's impact on the audience.

The correct answer is The speaker's persuasive techniques.

Key Points

Aristotle’s Model of Communication is one of the earliest and most influential models in the study of rhetoric and persuasion. It is primarily concerned with the speaker's ability to persuade the audience. The model focuses on how the speaker uses various rhetorical techniques to influence the audience's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Key Elements of Aristotle's Model:
Speaker (Sender):

• In this model, the speaker is the central figure. The speaker’s primary role is to persuade the audience using persuasive techniques such as ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical reasoning).
• The success of communication depends largely on the speaker’s ability to use these techniques effectively to influence the audience.

Speech (Message):

• The speech or message is crafted to persuade or inform the audience.
• The content and structure of the message are essential, and they are shaped by the speaker’s goals, purpose, and rhetorical strategies.

Audience (Receiver):

• The audience is the receiver of the message.
• In Aristotle's model, the audience’s reactions and acceptance are determined by the persuasive power of the speaker and their use of rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, and logos).

Context (Setting):

• The context refers to the situation in which communication occurs.
• The speaker adapts their message to the context, ensuring that the message is delivered in a way that resonates with the audience based on the situation or occasion.

Primary Focus:

• The primary focus of Aristotle's Model is on the speaker's ability to persuade the audience.
• The speaker’s use of persuasive techniques is crucial in achieving the desired effect. The model emphasizes the importance of:
• Ethos (credibility of the speaker),
• Pathos (emotional appeal to the audience),
• Logos (logical argumentation).

The correct answer is Barnlund's Transactional Model.

Key Points Barnlund's Transactional Model of communication, developed by Dean Barnlund in 1970, views communication as a continuous, interactive, and dynamic process, where the roles of sender and receiver are interchangeable. Unlike linear models, where communication is a one-way flow, Barnlund’s model emphasizes that communication is simultaneous and occurs in both directions.

Key Features of Barnlund's Transactional Model:

• Continuous Process: Communication is seen as a fluid, ongoing process rather than a series of discrete steps. There is no distinct beginning or end to the communication; it happens continuously in both directions.
• Interactivity: Communication is interactive, meaning both parties are actively involved in the process at the same time. Both the sender and receiver encode and decode messages simultaneously, responding and reacting in real-time.
• Interchangeable Roles: In this model, the roles of sender and receiver are not fixed. Both participants take turns sending and receiving messages. For example, while one person is speaking, the other is listening, but they can quickly switch roles as the conversation progresses.
• Feedback Loop: Feedback is instantaneous and is continuously provided from the receiver back to the sender. This feedback is integral to the communication process and allows both participants to adjust their messages as needed.

The correct answer is To control, modify, or block the message before it reaches the receiver.

Key Points

In the Intermediary Model of Communication, a gatekeeper plays a crucial role in controlling the flow of information between the sender and the receiver. The gatekeeper is typically an individual, group, or institution that has the power to filter, modify, or block messages before they reach the intended audience.

Role of the Gatekeeper:

• Control the Message: The gatekeeper decides which messages are passed along, determining what information is deemed appropriate for the receiver. They can either approve or deny the message's transmission.
• Modify the Message:The gatekeeper may alter the message to fit specific standards, norms, or expectations before it reaches the receiver. This could involve editing, simplifying, or changing the message content.
• Block the Message:The gatekeeper can completely block certain messages from being transmitted to the receiver, either because they are considered irrelevant, inappropriate, or undesirable for the audience.

Examples:

• Media: In journalism, editors act as gatekeepers by deciding which news stories are published or broadcast, potentially modifying or censoring content before it reaches the public.
• Social Networks: Platforms like Facebook or Twitter have algorithms (acting as gatekeepers) that decide which posts or content are shown to users based on specific criteria, such as engagement or relevance.

In the Intermediary Model, the gatekeeper serves as a filter or control mechanism, influencing what information reaches the receiver by either modifying, controlling, or blocking the message.

The correct answer is Emotional and psychological factors.

Key Points

In Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication, emotional and psychological factors influence all four components: the source, message, channel, and receiver.

• Source: The emotional and psychological state of the sender affects how they encode and deliver the message.
• Message: The content of the message is shaped by the sender's emotions and mindset.
• Channel: The choice of communication medium (e.g., face-to-face, email) is influenced by both the sender's and receiver's psychological states.
• Receiver: The receiver’s mood, attitude, and experiences impact how they decode and interpret the message.

These emotional and psychological factors determine how well the message is communicated and understood.

The correct answer is Everett Rogers

Key Points

•  Diffusion of innovation is one of the oldest theory which was developed by Everett Rogers in 1962.
• This theory explains the manner and rate at which new concepts and products circulate among the people.
• There are mainly four components of diffusion theory of innovation, namely: innovation, channels of communication, social system and time.
• There are mainly five established adopters categories:
  • Innovators
  • Early Adopters
  • Early Majority
  • Late Majority
  • Laggards
• Innovators: It includes those individuals who want to be the first to try out the new technology. They are bold and curious about novel concepts.
• Early Adopters: These individuals represent opinion leaders. They like taking on leadership responsibilities and embracing change as well. They are quite at ease implementing new concepts, as they are already conscious of the need for change.
• Early Majority: Even though these people don't often take the lead position, but they frequently do it (adopting ideas) before the majority of people.
• Late Majority: These individuals are resistant to change and they won't adopt a new idea until the majority of people has given it a go.
• Laggards: These individuals are exceedingly traditional and conservative by nature. They are the hardest group to convince to accept change since they are so resistant to it.

Hence, the correct answer is Everett Rogers.

Communication with the help of new media (computers - internet and mobiles) is termed as 'Interactive communication'

Key Points

• Interactive communication:
  • Interactive communication refers to the exchange of information between individuals through digital platforms such as computers, the internet, and mobile devices.
  • This form of communication allows for real-time feedback and engagement, enhancing the effectiveness of the communication process.
  • Examples include emails, social media interactions, video calls, and instant messaging.

Additional Information

• Entertainment:
  • Entertainment primarily focuses on activities that provide amusement or enjoyment, such as watching movies, playing games, or listening to music.
  • While new media can be used for entertainment purposes, it is not the main function when it comes to communication.
• Interpersonal communication:
  • Interpersonal communication involves direct face-to-face interaction between individuals.
  • It is characterized by verbal and non-verbal exchanges and is not limited to digital platforms.
• Group communication:
  • Group communication refers to the interaction between members of a group or team, often in a professional or organizational context.
  • While it can occur through digital means, it is not exclusive to new media.

The correct option is 'A, D, E Only'.

Key Points

• Specialist's language
  • This is correct.
  • Specialist's language refers to the jargon or technical language used by individuals within a particular field or profession.
  • While it facilitates precise communication within that field, it can create barriers when communicating with individuals outside the field who may not understand the specialized terms.
• Perceptual barriers
  • This statement is incorrect in this context.
  • Perceptual barriers pertain to the differences in viewpoints, biases, and stereotypes that can distort the message's reception and interpretation.
  • They are not specifically semantic barriers but rather psychological or cognitive barriers in communication.
• Message overload
  • This statement is incorrect in this context.
  • Message overload occurs when a person receives too much information at once, making it difficult to process or understand the message effectively.
  • It is more about the quantity of information rather than the semantics of the communication.
• Damaged translation
  • This is correct.
  • Damaged translation refers to errors or inaccuracies in translating a message from one language to another.
  • It can lead to misunderstandings or distortions of the original message, which is a semantic barrier.
• Underlying assumption
  • This is correct.
  • Underlying assumptions refer to the implicit beliefs or ideas that are taken for granted in communication.
  • They can lead to misunderstandings if the sender and receiver of a message have different assumptions about the subject matter.

The correct answer is I and IV are correct.

Key Points

The Communication Process is always:

• Systematic: This means that communication follows a structured and organized approach, where messages are sent and received through established channels. It involves clear steps and processes that facilitate effective exchange and understanding.
• Functional: This aspect emphasizes that communication serves specific purposes or functions, such as informing, persuading, or building relationships. It is designed to achieve desired outcomes and facilitate interactions within various contexts.

Together, these characteristics highlight the organized and purpose-driven nature of communication.

The correct answer is 'A, C, E only'

Key Points

• Functions of Communication:
  • The information function: Communication is essential for the dissemination of information. It ensures that data, facts, and knowledge are shared among individuals, groups, or organizations.
  • Persuasive function: Communication is used to influence and persuade others. This function is crucial in marketing, politics, and leadership to shape opinions and behaviors.
  • Integrative function: Communication helps in integrating and coordinating efforts within a group or organization. It fosters unity and ensures that everyone is working towards common goals.

Additional Information

• The concentration function:
  • This is not typically recognized as a primary function of communication. Concentration refers more to the cognitive process of focusing attention rather than a communicative function.
• The existential function:
  • This term is not commonly used in the context of communication functions. It might refer to existentialism in philosophy, which deals with the nature of existence and human freedom.

The correct answer is 'Folk media are used purely for entertainment'

Key Points

• Overview of Folk Media:
  • Folk media refers to traditional forms of communication that are indigenous to a particular culture or community.
  • These forms of media include plays, dances, songs, storytelling, puppetry, and other cultural performances.
  • Folk media has been used historically to convey social norms, values, and traditions.​
  • Folk media serves as the traditional counterpart to modern mass media. It plays a similar role in disseminating information and educating the public.
• Indigenous Equivalents of Mass Media:
  • Inclusion of Various Art Forms:
    • Folk media encompasses a wide range of art forms, including plays, dances, and songs, which are integral to cultural expression and storytelling.
  • Usage Beyond Entertainment:
    • Folk media is not used purely for entertainment. It serves multiple purposes, including education, social commentary, and the preservation of cultural heritage.
  • Role in Fairs and Festivals:
    • Folk media is often showcased during fairs and festivals, playing a significant role in community gatherings and celebrations.

Additional Information

• Educational Role:
  • Folk media is often used to educate people on important issues such as health, agriculture, and social reforms.
  • It serves as an effective medium for spreading awareness in rural and remote areas where modern mass media may not be as accessible.
• Cultural Preservation:
  • Folk media plays a crucial role in preserving and transmitting cultural traditions and folklore from one generation to the next.
  • It helps in maintaining the cultural identity of communities, especially in the face of globalization and modernization.

The correct answer is '(a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (v), (d) - (ii)'

Key Points

• Morphology:
  • Morphology is the study of the system of meaningful units involved in word formation.
  • It includes the analysis of how words are structured and how they relate to other words in the same language.
• Syntax:
  • Syntax is the system that governs the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
  • It is concerned with the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
• Pragmatics:
  • Pragmatics deals with the system of using appropriate conversation and how to use language in context.
  • It involves understanding the social aspects of language use, such as taking turns in conversation and recognizing implicatures.
• Semantics:
  • Semantics is the system that involves the meaning of words and sentences.
  • It focuses on how meaning is conveyed through language.

The correct answer is E, A, C, D, B.

Key Points

Practice (E):

• Essential for the demonstrator to gain confidence and skill in the subject of the demonstration.

• Helps in identifying potential challenges and refining the demonstration to make it more effective.

Advertise (A):

• Crucial for attracting the target audience and ensuring a good turnout.

• Provides participants with essential information such as date, time, and location.

Plan (C):

• Involves deciding on the logistics and structure of the demonstration.

• Important for ensuring that the demonstration runs smoothly and achieves its objectives.

Conduct Demonstration (B):

• The core step where the skills or knowledge are showcased to the audience.

• Should be done methodically, step by step, to ensure clarity and comprehension.

The correct answer is 'Fear'

Key Points

• Fear as a barrier to communication:
  • Fear can significantly hinder effective communication as it may prevent individuals from expressing their thoughts and feelings openly.
  • This fear can stem from various sources such as fear of rejection, fear of offending others, or fear of negative consequences.
  • When individuals are afraid, they may withhold information, avoid eye contact, or use evasive language, all of which impede clear and honest communication.

Additional Information

• Co-ordination:
  • Co-ordination is not a barrier to communication; rather, it is an essential element that ensures all parties involved are working towards a common goal effectively.
  • It involves aligning actions and sharing information to achieve better outcomes.
• Co-operation:
  • Co-operation enhances communication as it involves working together harmoniously to achieve mutual objectives.
  • It fosters a collaborative environment where information is freely exchanged.
• Adjustment:
  • Adjustment refers to the ability to adapt to new information or changing circumstances, which can actually facilitate better communication.
  • It helps individuals to be more flexible and responsive in their interactions.

The correct answer is '(i), (ii) and (v)'.

Key Points

• Communication Process:
  • The communication process involves the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver through a medium. It is essential for establishing and maintaining relationships.
  • Effective communication requires a clear understanding of the process and the factors that can influence it.
• Universal:
  • Communication is universal as it is an inherent part of all human interactions and societies. It transcends cultural, social, and linguistic barriers, making it a universal phenomenon.
• Systematic:
  • Communication is systematic because it follows a structured process involving several steps: encoding, transmitting, receiving, and decoding. Each step is crucial for the effective exchange of information.
• Functional:
  • Communication is functional as it serves various purposes, such as informing, persuading, and entertaining. It helps in achieving specific goals and fulfilling needs in different contexts.

Additional Information

• Importance of Understanding Communication:
  • Understanding the communication process is vital for improving interpersonal relationships, professional interactions, and overall effectiveness in conveying and receiving messages.
  • By recognizing the universal, systematic, and functional nature of communication, individuals can better navigate and enhance their communication skills.