Which of the following should be done by a nurse for a patient admitted with weakness, tingling and numbness of lower extremities, diagnosed to have Guillain Barre Syndrome?

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

KGMU Nursing Officer 2023 Memory-Based Previous Year Paper

Answer 1

Correct Answer: Monitor the respiratory functions

Rationale:

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, leading to symptoms like weakness, tingling, and numbness in the extremities. As the condition progresses, it may cause life-threatening complications, particularly respiratory failure due to muscle weakness.
Monitoring respiratory function is crucial because patients with GBS are at risk of respiratory muscle paralysis. Regular assessment of vital respiratory parameters such as oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and tidal volume is necessary to detect early signs of respiratory distress.
In severe cases, patients may require mechanical ventilation to support breathing. Early detection of respiratory compromise can prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Explanation of Other Options:

Position the patient with foot end elevated

Rationale: Elevating the foot end is not an appropriate intervention for Guillain-Barré Syndrome. While it may help in conditions such as hypotension or shock, it does not address the primary complications of GBS, which are related to nerve damage and respiratory compromise.

Give sedatives to calm him

Rationale: Sedatives are not routinely recommended for patients with GBS as they do not address the underlying cause of the symptoms. Additionally, sedatives could mask signs of respiratory distress, potentially delaying critical interventions.

Give IV methylprednisolone

Rationale: Although corticosteroids like methylprednisolone were historically used in GBS, studies have shown that they are not effective in improving outcomes for this condition. Instead, treatments like intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis are the mainstays of therapy.

Conclusion:

The primary concern in Guillain-Barré Syndrome is respiratory function monitoring, as respiratory muscle paralysis can occur rapidly. Early intervention is critical for preventing life-threatening complications. Other options listed do not directly address the primary complications of GBS and are therefore not appropriate in this context.