सदिश \(\left( {{\rm{cos\alpha \;cos\beta }}} \right){\rm{\;\hat i\;}} + {\rm{\;}}\left( {{\rm{cos\alpha \;sin\beta }}} \right)\widehat {{\rm{\;j\;}}} + {\rm{\;}}\left( {{\rm{sin\alpha }}} \right){\rm{\;\hat k}}\) क्या है?

  1. \(\left( {\hat i + \hat j + \hat k} \right)\)के समान्तर
  2. रिक्त सदिश
  3. इकाई सदिश
  4. इनमें से कोई भी नहीं

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : इकाई सदिश
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Detailed Solution

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धारणा:

इकाई सदिश: एक सदिश जिसमें एक का परिमाण है।

  • माना कि \(\vec a = x\;\vec i + y\;\vec j + z\;\vec k\)
  • a के सदिश का परिमाण = \(\left| {\vec a} \right| = \sqrt {{x^2} + \;{y^2} + {z^2}} \)
  • इकाई सदिश = \(\hat a = \frac{{\vec a}}{{\left| {\vec a} \right|}}\)

 

गणना:

दिया गया सदिश है \(\left( {{\rm{cos\alpha \;cos\beta }}} \right){\rm{\;\hat i}} + \left( {{\rm{cos\alpha \;sin\beta }}} \right){\rm{\;\hat j}} + \left( {{\rm{sin\alpha }}} \right){\rm{\;\hat k}}\)

\({\rm{Let\;\vec A}} = \left( {{\rm{cos\alpha \;cos\beta }}} \right){\rm{\;\hat i}} + \left( {{\rm{cos\alpha \;sin\beta }}} \right){\rm{\;\hat j}} + \left( {{\rm{sin\alpha }}} \right){\rm{\;\hat k}}\)

अब सदिश A के परिमाण की गणना करें,

\(| {\vec A}| = \sqrt {(cos\ \alpha cos\ \beta)^2\ +\ (cos\ \alpha sin\ \beta)^2\ +\ (sin\ \alpha)^2} \)

\(\Rightarrow \left| {\vec A} \right| = \sqrt {{{\cos }^2}\alpha \left[ {{{\cos }^2}\beta + {{\sin }^2}\beta } \right] + {{\left( {{\rm{sin\alpha }}} \right)}^2}} \)

\(\Rightarrow \left| {\vec A} \right| = \sqrt {{{\cos }^2}\alpha + {{\sin }^2}\alpha } = 1\)

तो \({\rm{\vec A}}\) एक इकाई सदिश है।
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