Designs in educational research MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Designs in educational research - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

Correct Answer: 3) A study that compares the learning outcomes of students taught using different teaching methods.

Key Points

•  Option 1: A study that investigates the effectiveness of a new drug in treating a particular disease would typically use a randomized controlled trial (RCT), a type of experimental design that involves randomly assigning participants to either the experimental treatment or a control group.
• Option 2: A study that examines the relationship between socioeconomic status and academic achievement would typically use a correlational design, which involves observing and analyzing the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them.
• Option 3: A study that compares the learning outcomes of students taught using different teaching methods is a good candidate for a quasi-experimental design. In this type of design, researchers cannot randomly assign participants to different teaching methods due to ethical or practical constraints. Instead, they may use pre-existing groups or non-randomized assignment methods.
• Option 4: A study that explores the impact of a natural disaster on community resilience would typically use a qualitative research approach, such as case studies or ethnographic studies, to gain in-depth understanding of the experiences and perspectives of those affected by the disaster.

Therefore, quasi-experimental designs are often used in situations where random assignment is not feasible, such as when comparing educational interventions or investigating the effects of naturally occurring events.

Key Points

• Experimental studies, often conducted through clinical trials, are commonly used to investigate the effectiveness of new medical treatments. In an experimental study, researchers manipulate variables to determine their effect on a particular outcome.
• In the context of medical treatments, participants (patients) are typically divided into two groups: the experimental group, which receives the new treatment, and the control group, which may receive a placebo or a standard treatment.
• By comparing the outcomes between the two groups, researchers can assess the efficacy and safety of the new medical intervention.

Longitudinal studies:

• It involves observing a group of participants over an extended period to study changes or trends, but they might not be as suitable for testing the immediate effectiveness of a new treatment.

Cross-sectional studies:

• It involves collecting data from a group of participants at a specific point in time and are more focused on analyzing relationships between variables rather than testing medical interventions.

Descriptive studies:

• It aims to describe characteristics or behaviors within a population and might not involve experimental manipulation of variables.

Therefore, the experimental study (option 1) is the most appropriate method for investigating the effectiveness of a new medical treatment as it allows for controlled testing of the treatment's impact on patient outcomes.

Key Points

• Experimental design is the process of planning a study to meet specific research objectives while minimizing bias and maximizing precision.

The following are some important criteria of experimental design:

• Appropriateness: The design should be appropriate to the research question being investigated and the population under study.
• Adequacy of control: The design should allow for control of extraneous variables that may affect the outcome of the study, so that the effect of the independent variable(s) on the dependent variable(s) can be accurately measured.
• Validity: The design should be valid, meaning that it measures what it is intended to measure and that the results can be generalized to the population of interest.
• Replication: The design should allow for replication of the study to increase confidence in the results.
• Randomization: The design should incorporate randomization to ensure that subjects are assigned to treatment groups in an unbiased manner.
• Sample size: The design should have an appropriate sample size to ensure adequate statistical power and precision.
• Practicality: The design should be practical to implement given the available resources, such as time, money, and personnel.
• Ethical considerations: The design should adhere to ethical guidelines and ensure that participants are treated fairly and their rights are protected.

Additional Information

• Population: While the population is important to consider in the planning of a study, it is not considered a criterion of experimental design itself. Rather, the population is a factor that informs the design of the study and the generalizability of the results.

Therefore, option 4, "Population," is not an important criterion of experimental design.

Group design: In group designs, the analysis of data (group means and correlation coefficients) and conclusions, or inferences, drawn from the study occur at the level of the group, not individual participants.

One-shot case study

• A type of pre-experimental design where a single group of test units is exposed to an experimental treatment and a single measurement is taken afterward.
• It only measures the post-test results and does not use a control group.
• Pre-experiments are the simplest form of research design.
• In a pre-experiment, either a single group or multiple groups are observed subsequent to some agent or treatment presumed to cause change.

Post-test only single group design

• A one-group posttest-only design is a quasi-experimental research design in which a dependent variable is measured for one group of participants following a treatment.\
• In a one-group post-test only design, treatment is implemented (or an independent variable is manipulated) and then a dependent variable is measured once after the treatment is implemented. 
• This is the weakest type of quasi-experimental design.
• A major limitation to this design is the lack of a control or comparison group. 

Solomon four-group design

• The Solomon four-group design is a research design that attempts to take into account the influence of pretesting on subsequent posttest results.
• Some research designs include a pretest, which is taken before exposure to treatment, and a posttest, which is administered after exposure to treatment.
•  An experimental design that is used to evaluate the effect of pretesting.
• The design can be considered as a combination of the pretest-posttest control group design and posttest only design in which pretest (provided vs. not provided) and the experimental intervention.

Static group design

• A type of pre-experimental design where there are two groups; an experimental group and a control group. 
• The test units are not assigned randomly between both groups.
• The experimental group is exposed to treatment and afterward, both groups are measured.
• The static group design is also called the posttest-only nonequivalent group's design. 
• In the static group comparison study, two groups are chosen, one of which receives the treatment and the other does not. 

Key Points

True experimental design

• A true experiment is a type of experimental design and is thought to be the most accurate type of experimental research.
• This is because a true experiment supports or refutes a hypothesis using statistical analysis.
• A true experiment is defined as an experiment conducted where an effort is made to impose control over all other variables except the one under study.
• It is often easier to impose this sort of control in a laboratory setting.
• Thus, true experiments have often been erroneously identified as laboratory studies.

Therefore,Solomon four-group design  is an example of true experimental design