User Studies MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for User Studies - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

The correct answer is 8.

Key Points

• In 2012, CILIP introduced an information literacy model comprising eight essential competencies and understandings for achieving information literacy.
• These encompass:
  • A need for information
  • The resources available
  • How to find information
  • Need to evaluate results
  • How to work with or exploit results
  • Ethics and responsibility of use
  • How to communicate or share your finding
  • How to manage your findings.

Additional Information 

• Information Literacy-​
  • The concept of Information Literacy was first developed by Paul Zurkowski in 1974. 
  • It is the ability to access, evaluate, organize, and use the information to learn, problem-solve and make decisions.
  • Christine Susan Bruce developed the seven stages of Information Literacy in his journal "Seven Faces of Information Literacy" published in 1997.
• Sauce Model of Information Literacy:​
  • This model was initially developed in the year 1999 and then it was slightly revised in April 2009.
  • This model was created by Trevor Bond.
• ​PLUS Model:
  • ​The PLUS model was developed by James Herring and published in 1996.
• The Seven Pillars of Information Literacy: 
  •  Developed by Christine Bruce, this model proposes seven interconnected pillars of information literacy.
• The Big6:
  • ​Developed by Michael B. Eisenberg and Robert E. Berkowitz, the Big 6 is one of the earliest and most widely used information literacy models.
  • It consists of six stages, namely task definition, information-seeking strategies, location, and access, use of information, synthesis, and evaluation.
• The Information Search Process (ISP): Developed by Carol C. Kuhlthau.
• The 8 W’s Literacy Model:
  • T​he 8Ws Model was formulated by Annette Lamb in 1990s.
• Jamie McKenzie’s Model of Information Literacy:
  • ​McKenzie has elucidated that IL has three major components: Prospecting, Interpreting and Creating New Ideas.
• The Big Blue — Taxonomy of information skills:
  • This information literacy model “The Big Bluewas developed by the JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee).
• Seven Pillars of Information Literacy:
  • ​In 1999 the SCONUL Working Group on Information Literacy developed “Information Skills in Higher Education” i.e. known as the Seven Pillars of Information Skills Model.

Confusion Points 

• SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries formerly known as Standing Conference of National and University Libraries; Ireland and UK) was founded in 1950.
• Seven Pillars of Information Skills Mode by SCONUL was developed in 1999.

The correct answer is A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.

Key Points

• Tenopir was a pioneer in user studies.
  • In 2003 he identified some areas of user studies where in he used people for the user in users studies; which are as;
  • What people do?
    What people prefer?
    what people say they do?
    what people say they prefer?
    vWhat they may do or prefer in the future?
• Wersing in 1973 divides user studies into four areas:
  • channels of communication,
  • information receivers (users),
  • data sources
  • information senders
• Eithel in 1981 states that user studies are composed of who reads what; and how these needs can be identified and satisfied.
• Krikelas in 1983  in his model identified four steps of information processing and use
  • perceiving a need,
  •  the search itself,
  •  finding the information, and
  • using the information,

The correct answer is IFLA:

Key Points 

• IFLA in 2011 used the term wishes of the users in place of the needs of the users and summarised it as:
  • Ease of access
  • Ease of search across databases and available content assets.
  • The richness of content.
  • Affordable services.
  • Content translated into the mother tongue languages that they understand.

Additional Information 

• IFLA:
  • The International Federation of library associations and institutions was founded in 1927 in Scotland.
  • Isak collijn was its first presideent.
  • IFLA sponsors the IFLA world library and information congress.
  • PAC was started in 1984.
  • IFLA journal is published 4 times a year.
• Menzel:
  • Menzel in 1964 preferred the term „demand‟ in place of „need‟ in the context of information needs.
  • Menzel (1964) identified three themes to provide expected services to the scientists to meet their requirements,
• Chen and Hernon: Defined information need as that which arises when individuals find themselves in a situation requiring knowledge to find the solution to the situation.
• Krikelas defines information needs as a state of uncertainty recognized by an individual.

The correct answer is Client:

Key Points

• Client
  • According to ODLIS, a client is "a person who uses the services of a professionally trained expert, or of a professional organization or institution, usually in exchange for payment of a fee.
• ​Customer:
  • Harrod‟s Librarians‟ Glossary and Reference Book define a customer. "…the user of a service, in particular, the term implies that a financial transaction is taking place whereby a service or commodity is transferred to a purchaser.
  • According to Business Dictionary, a customer is "a party that receives or consumes products (goods or services) and has the ability to choose between different products and suppliers.
• Patron:
  • It is an alternative term for User and is s often used in libraries and in library information science literature.
  • ODLIS defines a patron as „any person who uses the resources and services of a library, not necessarily a registered borrower.
  • Generally, patron means a person who donates to or supports an organization.​
• ​ Audience:
  • The audience is defined as “The group of consumers for whom a media text was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the text"(Wilson, 2011).
  • Wikipedia says, "… an audience is a group of people who participate in a show..."

Additional Information

• Reader:
  • This is a core term frequently used in libraries.
  • Harrod‟s Librarians‟ Glossary and Reference Book define a reader as a "person who makes use of literary material in a library.
  • " Reader is a general term, which is frequently used interchangeably for users. 
• Borrower: According to ODLIS a borrower is "a person who checks out books and other materials from a library.
• Buyer: Business Dictionary defines a buyer as a " party which acquires, or agrees to acquire, ownership (in case of goods), or benefit or usage (in case of services), in exchange for money or other consideration under a contract of sale."
• Consumer: Consumer is also a synonym for the user. Business Dictionary defines it as " A purchaser of a good or service in retail.
  •  An end user, and not necessarily a purchaser, in the distribution chain of a good or service." Generally, this term is not preferred in the literature of library and information science.

The correct answer is the Indirect method:

Key Points

• Methods for Assessing the User's Needs:
  • ​Direct Methods:
    • Information gathering habit
    • Reading habits: The reading habits of a particular user count much to achieving his goal.
    • Service Preference: It is necessary to find out the nature of the service required to cater to the needs of the users of a library. 
    • Information flow. individuals and groups, attending conferences, seminars, etc organize their information to ensure its smooth flow to its users.
  • Indirect Methods.
    • Library Records: This method gives scope to the authorities to provide efficient library service to its users.
    • Bibliographical References cited: In each and every chapter or article of a book or journal a number of bibliographical references and further reading are cited for the readers.

Additional Information

• There are four kinds of sources, that the users need as per their requirements are as follows:
  • Current Information
  • Exhaustive Information
  • Everyday Information
  • Catching-up Information

The correct answer is A and B

Key Points 

• Varghese in 2008 conducted a survey entitled “User Studies in the Electronic Environment: Review and Brief Analysis”.
  • The article summarized the results of 101 user studies conducted in the electronic environment.
• Carr (2006) “What Users Want- An Academic ‘Hybrid’ Library Perspective”
  • He described the development of a user-centered approach in academic libraries over the recent decades.

Additional Information

• Anomalous state of knowledge:
  • It is a user-centered model of information retrieval proposed by J N Belkin in 1980.
  • It is often abbreviated as ASK.
  • It has six stages: starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, and extracting.
• Prof. J.D. Bernal's paper entitled `The Transmission of Scientific Information: A User's Analysis was presented in 1958.​

Important Points 

• ​User Studies in the 1930s: the earliest reference we come across is to the study conducted by L.R. Wilson in the late 1930s.
• User Studies in the 1940s: The foundation for user studies were laid down in 1948 at the Scientific Information Conference f the Royal Society,
• User studies in the 1960s: Menzel refers first (Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 1966) two comprehensive bibliographies of User Studies in 1964 and 1964, each containing 438 and 676 studies respectively.

The correct answer is "I, II, and III".

Key Points

• Information use study-
  • Information use study’ simply means the study of the use of information.
  • It may also pertain to oral information or recorded information.
• Types of Information Use Study-
  • User-based information use study
  • Profession-based information use study
  • Subject-based information use study
  • Non-electronic source-based information use study
  • Electronic source-based information use study
  • Oral information use study

Additional Information

• User-based information use study-
  • In this type, studies are conducted to find out how common people, children, students, academicians, scholars, faculty members and many others use various types of information.
• Subject-based information use study-
  • In this type, studies are conducted according to various subjects.
  • In this study both electronic and non-electronic sources may be covered.
• Electronic source-based information use study-
  • ​These studies include resources in general, sources in CDs, online databases, the web, consortia, etc.
  • It is also possible to study the use of these sources according to user, profession, subject, category of documents, etc.

The correct answer is "Menzel".

Key Points

• Menzel-
  • Menzel preferred the term 'demand' in place of 'need' while defining the "information need".
  • Menzel added one more function to Voigt's list of needs.
  • He categorized user studies into three categories.
• S.R. Ranganathan- 
  • He is also recognized for his development of a classification scheme widely known as Colon Classification.
  • His most notable contribution to the field of library science is his"Five Laws of Library Science".
  • He is regarded as the Father of Library Science in India.
• Voigt-
  • Voigt identified three types of needs. They are-
    • Current Approach
    • Everyday Approach
    • Exhaustive Approach
• Philip B. Crosby-
  • He was an author and businessman who contributed to management theory and quality management practices.
  • Some of his renowned published books are "Quality is free" and "Art of Making Quality Certain".

Additional Information

• User Studies are the examination of the users of a library or information center in terms of the types, and categories of documents and services they use.
• User studies are done to identify the various types of users and their information needs who come to the library.

The correct answer is the Exhaustive approach;

Key Points

•  Guha has identified four types of information needs with as many approaches: 
  • Current approach
  • everyday approach
  • Exhaustive approach
  • Catching up approach.
• Exhaustive Approach; When a user wants to have information on a particular subject as exhaustive( including or considering all elements or aspects; fully comprehensive) as possible, the need is known as exhaustive information need.
• This need is an occasional one and is expected mainly from the researchers.
• Catching-up approach This need arises when a user, who is not conversant with a particular subject field, requires an account of the overall development of that subject in a short and most comprehensible form.
• Everyday approach; This need is for a specific piece of information that users require, generally in their day-to-day work-related activities.
• Current approach: When users need the information to keep themselves up-to-date with the latest developments in their area of interest on a regular basis.

The Correct answer is the User survey.

Key Points

• User Survey:
  • ​To ascertain the information needs of the users of a public library, a librarian should conduct a User Survey.
  • A user survey involves directly engaging with library users to gather feedback and insights into their information needs, preferences, and expectations.
  • This method allows librarians to collect valuable information about the community's interests, the types of resources they require, and their satisfaction with current library services.
  • By understanding the users' perspectives through surveys, librarians can make informed decisions to enhance the library's collection, services, and overall user experience.

Additional Information

• H-index:​
  • The h-index, introduced by physicist Jorge E. Hirsch in 2005, serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the relative excellence of researchers.
  • This index aims to gauge a scientist's scientific output and the perceived influence of their work in the academic community.
• User Education Programme:
  • ​User Education Program (UEP), also known as Information Literacy Program, refers to a structured initiative designed by libraries or educational institutions to educate users on how to effectively and critically access, evaluate, and use information. 
• Bibliometric Study:
  • ​A bibliometric study is a quantitative and statistical analysis of bibliographic information, which involves the measurement and evaluation of various aspects of written communication, such as books, articles, and other publications.