Waste Management MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Waste Management - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is Regeneration.

• The rule of 3 'Rs' to get rid of waste includes Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

Key Points

• The 3 rules to reduce waste are:
  • Reduce:
    • It means 'using less of a resource to save more of it more the future.'
    • Example: Switching off fans and lights when not in use to save electricity.
  • Reuse:
    • This strategy implies using things again and again to increase their life and utility.
    • Example: Reusing old jam or pickle bottles to act as storage containers.
  • Recycle:
    • It means collecting materials such as paper, metals, glass, plastic etc. to make other things out of them, instead of buying fresh materials for the same.
    • Example: Making a flower vase from a waste plastic bottle.
• Importance of the 3 'Rs':
  • With the growing population, it has become crucial to conserve our natural resources which are non-renewable in the long-term, and therefore there's an urgent need today to use them in an economical manner.
  • Economical use of resources also ensures the global carbon footprint is reduced, and hence global warming can be prevented.

Golden Rule of Waste Management '3R'

        ​​

Recycling:

• It is the process of converting waste materials into reusable objects to prevent waste
• The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products
• It encourages the community, industry and government to reduce the amount of virgin materials extracted and used
• Recycling such material saves product and it also reduces the amount of manufacture to make new products
• It also helps in energy saving and reducing global climate change
• It improves efficiency of treatment processes

Composting

This is a natural process that is completely free of any hazardous by-products. This involves breaking down the materials into organic compounds that can be used as manure.

Landfills

Waste management through the use of landfills involves the use of a large area. This place is dug open and filled with the waste.

Waste: Waste is unusable material. Waste comes in many forms

1. Solid waste: garbage, refuse, sludge
2. Liquid waste: wastewater, oil, fats, etc.
3. Organic waste: food waste, food-soiled paper, green waste
4. Hazardous waste: toxic elements, radioactive elements, etc.
5. E-waste: mobile, laptop, electronic devices, charger, etc.
6. Recyclable waste: food waste, garden waste, paper waste, textile waste, etc.
    

Key Points

Composting:

• Due to lack of adequate space for landfills, biodegradable yard waste is allowed to decompose in a medium designed for the purpose.
• Only biodegradable waste materials are used in composting.
• Good quality environmentally friendly manure is formed from the compost and can be used for agricultural purposes.
• It is the only sustainable means of waste disposal.

​Thus, composting of wastes is the most sustainable waste disposal method.

Additional Information

Incineration:

• This method involves the burning solid wastes in a furnace until the wastes are turned into ashes.
• In this process, the combustible portion of the waste is combined with oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water, which are released into the atmosphere.
• Incinerators are made in such a way that they do not give off extreme amounts of heat when burning solid wastes.
• Suitable temperature and operating conditions are required to achieve incineration.
• It reduces the volume of waste up to 20 or 30% of the original volume.
• This method of solid waste management releases various greenhouses gases and harmful substances into the atmosphere like dioxins, furans and VOC.

Landfill dumping:

• Landfill refers to the disposal of waste material by burying it.
• It is an extended storage area for non-biodegradable waste.
• Landfills may lead to contamination from the waste entering the area surrounding by soil and water and it also causes odour and pests.

Pyrolysis:

• In this method disposal of solid waste is carried out by burning it at a high temperature in no supply of oxygen.
• These methods are suitable for the disposal of solid waste which poses high calorific value but is comparatively costlier than other methods of disposal.
• Like incineration, it releases various greenhouses gases and harmful substances into the atmosphere.​

Hazardous waste: Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

Characteristics: Hazardous wastes are the materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following hazardous traits:

• Ignitability
• Corrosivity
• Reactivity
• Toxicity

The most common methods for disposing of hazardous waste are:

• Land disposal
• Incineration

If there is abundant land is available for the disposal of waste, land disposal is used. If there is no abundant land is available for disposal of waste, incineration is used.

Incineration:

• This method involves burning of solid wastes in a furnace until the wastes are turned into ashes
• In this process, the combustible portion of the waste is combined with oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water, which are released into the atmosphere
• Incinerators are made in such a way that they do not give off extreme amounts of heat when burning solid wastes
• Suitable temperature and operating conditions are required to achieve for incineration
• It reduces the volume of waste up to 20 or 30% of the original volume
• This method of solid waste management can be done by individuals, municipalities and even institutions

Important Points:

Recycling:

• It is the process of converting waste materials into reusable objects to prevent waste
• The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products
• Recycling such material saves product and it also reduces the amount of manufacture to make new products
• It also helps in energy saving and reducing global climate change

Landfill or Burying:

• Landfill refers the disposal of waste material by burying it
• It is extended storage area for non-biodegradable waste
• Landfill is an area, which prevent contamination from the waste entering the area surrounding by soil and water and it also helps to reduce odour and pests

Composting:

• Due to lack of adequate space for landfills, biodegradable yard waste is allowed to decompose in a medium designed for the purpose
• Only biodegradable waste materials are used in composting
• Good quality environmentally friendly manure is formed from the compost and can be used for agricultural purposes

• Waste is unusable material. Waste comes in many forms.
• Waste can be categorized as:
  • solid waste (vegetable peels, trash cans and other such municipal waste),
  • liquid waste (water discharge from industries, harmful runoff from fields etc),
  • and gaseous waste (harmful gases released from industries).

Key Points

The objective of waste management:

• Minimizing the amount of waste we generate.
• Recovering waste materials and finding ways to recycle them.
• Disposing of waste safely and effectively.

Important Points

Solid waste management is one important challenge of urban bodies.  It can be achieved by following the 5 R's of waste management which are:

Refuse:

• Refuse the usage of non-biodegradable products as much as possible.
• Example: Refuse using plastic bags and using jute bags or cloth bags.

Reduce: 

• If users cannot be refused completely, reduce the amount of consumption.
• Example: Reducing the use of single-use plastics.

Reuse:

• As much as possible try to use a substance for as long as and in as many ways as possible.
• Example: Reuse wrapping paper, plastic bags, boxes.

Repurpose:

• For every item that can't be refused, reduced, or reused, try repurposing it.
• Example: try using wasted printer paper for scrap paper, cardboard boxes for storing supplies, binder clips to hold power cords

Recycle:  

• Recycling is the most environmentally friendly waste disposal method, which means collecting waste and produce a new product from it.
• Example: recycling of glass can be made to produce new glass jars and bottles or tiles.

Confusion Points

• Stop waste generation is not an idea behind solid waste management.
• Waste generation cannot be stopped but rather can be reduced and managed efficiently.

​Thus, stop waste generation is not an idea behind solid waste management.

Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.This includes the collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process.

As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 in India- Waste generators would now have to now segregate waste into three streams- Biodegradables, Dry (Plastic, Paper, Metal, Wood, etc.), and Domestic Hazardous waste (diapers, napkins, mosquito repellants, cleaning agents etc.) before handing it over to the collector.

The order of waste management hierarchy, from most to least favored is:

Prevention-Reuse-Recycle-Recovery-Disposal

Prevention: Preventing and reducing waste generation.

Reuse: Giving the products a second life before they become waste.

Recycle Any recovery operation by which waste materials are reprocessed into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes.

Recovery: Some waste incineration based on a political non-scientific formula that upgrades the less inefficient incinerators.

Disposal: Different processes to dispose of the waste are landfilling, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and other finalist solutions.

Therefore, a good example of waste management is recycling non biodegradable waste.

Concept:

• Garbage is a complete waste material that is of no use for human beings.

Bio-Degradable:

• Substances that are broken down by biological processes (bacteria) are said to be biodegradable. 
• For example all living plants and animals, vegetables and fruits.

Non-Bio- Degradable:

• Substances that are not broken down by biological processes(bacteria) are said to be non-biodegradable.
• These substances may be inert and simply persist in the environment for a long time.
• They may harm the various members of the ecosystem.
• For example plastics, metals concrete, nylon etc.

Explanation:

• In some cities and towns, municipalities provide separate dustbins for collecting two kinds of garbage.
• Usually one is coloured blue and the other green.
• The blue bin is for materials that can be used again — such as plastics, metals, and glass.
• These are the materials that do not rot in the garbage heaps.
• The green bins are for collecting kitchen and other plant or animal wastes.
• This type of wastes rot completely when buried in the soil.

Thus, plant leaves (dried) should be thrown in the green bin.

Additional Information 

Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.This includes the collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process.

As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 in India- Waste generators would now have to now segregate waste into three streams- Biodegradables, Dry (Plastic, Paper, Metal, Wood, etc.), and Domestic Hazardous waste (diapers, napkins, mosquito repellants, cleaning agents etc.) before handing it over to the collector.

The order of waste management hierarchy, from most to least favored is:

Prevention-Reuse-Recycle-Recovery-Disposal

Prevention: Preventing and reducing waste generation.

Reuse: Giving the products a second life before they become waste.

Recycle Any recovery operation by which waste materials are reprocessed into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes.

Recovery: Some waste incineration based on a political non-scientific formula that upgrades the less inefficient incinerators.

Disposal: Different processes to dispose of the waste are landfilling, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and other finalist solutions.

Therefore, a good example of waste management is recycling non biodegradable waste.

Oxygen demanding wastes decrease the oxygen level in water.

Key Points

• Oxygen demanding wastes are organic compounds, such as sewage and agricultural runoff, which decompose through microbial action in water.
• The process of microbial decomposition requires oxygen, and as a result, these wastes decrease the oxygen level in the water.
• If the oxygen level drops below a certain level, aquatic organisms can die due to suffocation, which leads to a condition called hypoxia.
• This can also cause a decrease in biodiversity and ecological productivity in water bodies.
• Therefore, it is important to reduce the discharge of oxygen-demanding wastes into water bodies to maintain the ecological balance.

Important Points

• As the oxygen levels decrease, aquatic organisms such as fish, insects, and plants that require oxygen to survive, may start to die.
• In severe cases, if the oxygen depletion is significant enough, it can lead to a phenomenon called "dead zones" where aquatic life cannot be sustained.
• Therefore, it is crucial to manage and treat wastewater and other sources of oxygen demanding wastes to prevent oxygen depletion in water bodies and protect aquatic life.

The correct answer is: 1, 2 and 3

Key Points There are three distinct steps involved in traditional wastewater treatment methods.

• Primary wastewater treatment:
  • Primary treatment of wastewater involves sedimentation of solid waste within the water. This is done after filtering out larger contaminants within the water.
  • Wastewater is passed through several tanks and filters that separate water from contaminants.
  • The resulting sludge is then fed into a digester, in which further processing takes place.
  • This primary batch of sludge contains nearly 50% of suspended solids within wastewater.
• Secondary wastewater treatment:
  • Secondary treatment of wastewater makes use of oxidation to further purify wastewater. This can be done in one of three ways:
    • Biofiltra  tion
    • Aeration
    • Oxidation ponds
•   Tertiary wastewater treatment:
  • It is mostly comprised of removing phosphates and nitrates from the water supply.
  • Substances like activates carbon and sand are among the most commonly used materials that assist in this process.
  • Several methods have been applied for final treatment, such as adsorption using activated carbon or other appropriate sorbents, post precipitation, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, electrochemical treatment, and evaporation.