Waste MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Waste - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct option is Iron nails, Glass Bottle, Steel Mug, Cardboard Box

Concept:

Biodegradable:

• Substances that are broken down by biological processes (with the help of some bacteria) are said to be biodegradable
• Ex- paper, food products, cotton, cow dung, organic waste etc.
• It can be suitably disposed of as we need not worry about its decomposition which will take place naturally.
• In the use of waste such as food waste, vegetable peels etc. it gets decomposed through bacterial action. Biodegradable waste is not harmful.

Non- Biodegradable:

• Substances that are not broken down into simpler organic or inorganic compounds in this manner are said to be non-biodegradable
• Ex- Pesticides like DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), toxic chemicals, metals, polythene, few fertilizers, dyes, rubber goods, pharmaceuticals waste etc.
• If these substances simply persist in the environment for a long time or may harm the various members of the ecosystem.
• These will have to be recycled or suitably treated and reused if possible so that environmental degradation is not there.

Explanation:

Reuse:

• As much as possible try to use a substance for as long as and in as many ways as possible.
• Example: Reuse wrapping paper, plastic bags, boxes.

Recycle:  

• Recycling is the most environmentally friendly waste disposal method, which means collecting waste and produce a new product from it.
• Example: recycling of glass can be made to produce new glass jars and bottles or tiles.

Important Points

Concept:

Solid waste:

• Consist of everyday items that are discarded. 
• ​these items are discarded as unwanted and useless.
• These are range of garbage materials arising from:
  • human activities.
  • industrial activities
  • residential activities
  • commercial activities 

​​Solid waste disposal:

• to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes.

​Explanation:

The major method of releasing the gaseous pollutant is -

Incineration:

• It is the disposal of waste by burning.
• Waste is burned at high temperatures in a furnace.
• Then leftover ash is disposed of in landfills.
• This method involves burning solid wastes in a furnace until the wastes are turned into ashes.
• In this process, the combustible portion of the waste is combined with oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water, which are released into the atmosphere.
• Incinerators are made in such a way that they do not give off extreme amounts of heat when burning solid wastes.
• Suitable temperature and operating conditions are required to achieve incineration.
• It reduces the volume of waste up to 20 or 30% of the original volume.
• This method of solid waste management releases various greenhouses gases and harmful substances into the atmosphere like dioxins, furans and VOC.

Thus, Incineration releases air pollutants

Additional Information

Composting:

• It is used to decompose leaves and vegetable scraps.
• These are converted into manure.
• Which is valuable for plants and soil.
• It can also be done at home.

Vermicomposting:

• It is similar to composting.
• But instead of natural process, earthworms are used to accelerate the process.

landfills:

• This is the most common way for disposal of solid waste.
• A large pit is dig in the ground and the waste is dumped into that pit.
• When the waste decay in these gases like:
  • methane
  • carbon dioxide 
  • carbon monoxide
  • oxides of nitrogen 
  • are released in to the atmosphere.
• When the landfill get filled, it is used as parking space or ground.

The integrated waste management plan is the plan generally made for the disposal of solid waste.  

This plan has three key components:

1. Source Reduction: 

• ​It involves reducing the amount and toxicity of the wastes produced.  
• It is the most effective way to reduce the quantity of waste & also the cost associated with its handling, and its environmental impacts.

1. Recycling: 

• It helps to reduce the demand for resources and the amount of waste requiring disposal by landfilling. It involves the following:

1.  The separation and sorting of waste materials.
2.  The preparation of sorted-out materials for reuse or reprocessing.

3. Disposal: 

• ​It involves the alteration of wastes to recover conversion products like compost and energy.
• The processing of waste materials usually results in the reduced use of landfill capacity.

Zero waste management is an approach to waste that aims to minimize the amount of materials sent to landfills or incinerators. It focuses on reducing, reusing, recycling, and composting to achieve a goal of producing little to no waste.

Key Points Here are steps and practices to implement zero waste management:

Reduce:

• Minimize Consumption: Choose products with minimal packaging or opt for products in bulk to reduce packaging waste.
• Use Reusable Items: Replace disposable items with reusable alternatives, such as water bottles, shopping bags, and containers.
• Avoid Single-Use Plastics: Reduce the use of single-use plastics like straws, utensils, and bags.

1. Reuse:

   • Repurpose Items: Find creative ways to repurpose items rather than discarding them. For example, use glass jars for storage or turn old clothing into rags.
   • Donate and Share: Donate items that you no longer need but are still in good condition. Consider organizing or participating in swap events to share goods with others.

2. Recycle:

   • Separate Waste: Implement a proper waste separation system at home or in your community to facilitate recycling. Separate recyclables from non-recyclables.
   • Know Local Recycling Guidelines: Understand the recycling guidelines in your area, including what materials are accepted and how to prepare them for recycling.

3. Compost:

   • Compost Organic Waste: Set up a composting system for kitchen scraps and yard waste. Composting reduces the amount of organic matter sent to landfills.
   • Educate on Composting: Raise awareness about the benefits of composting and encourage others in your community to adopt composting practices.

4. Choose Sustainable Products:

   • Select Eco-Friendly Products: Choose products made from sustainable materials, with minimal or recyclable packaging.
   • Support Local and Sustainable Businesses: Support businesses that prioritize environmentally friendly practices and sustainable packaging.

5. Educate and Advocate:

   • Raise Awareness: Educate your community about the importance of zero waste practices and the environmental impact of excessive waste generation.
   • Advocate for Change: Advocate for policies and initiatives that promote zero waste practices at the local, regional, and national levels.

6. Reduce Food Waste:

   • Plan Meals: Plan meals to reduce food waste and use leftovers creatively.
   • Donate Excess Food: Support food donation programs or community fridges to reduce food waste and help those in need.

7. Repair and Maintain:

   • Repair Instead of Replace: Whenever possible, repair items instead of discarding them. This extends the lifespan of products.
   • Regular Maintenance: Regularly maintain appliances and equipment to prevent the need for replacement.

Additional InformationImplementing zero waste management is a gradual process that requires commitment and a mindset shift. It often involves a combination of individual actions, community involvement, and policy support to create a more sustainable and circular approach to waste.

Concept:

Garbage:

• Garbage is the term for domestic waste or junk that is produced on a daily basis.
• Food scraps, vegetable peels, fruit peels, waste paper, glass items, undesired plastic items, metal items, rags, old wooden items etc. are all examples of garbage.

Explanation:

In a dustbin:

• Garbage should be thrown in covered bins because if it is scattered around, it would produce many forms of pollution and infections.
• It should be covered to keep pests and insects out and to mask odours.
• Leakage and smells are controlled by specialized can liners.
• The garbage collected in the dustbin should be given to the garbage collector.
• A waste collector, also known as a garbageman or garbage collector, is a worker for a public or private organisation who is responsible for gathering and disposing of recyclables and municipal solid waste (refuse).
• The waste is collected from homes, businesses, industries, and other collection locations for further processing and waste disposal.

Thus, all the garbage in the house should be collected in a dustbin. 

Concept:

Garbage:

• Garbage is the term for domestic waste or junk that is produced on a daily basis.
• Food scraps, vegetable peels, fruit peels, waste paper, glass items, undesired plastic items, metal items, rags, old wooden items etc. are all examples of garbage.

Explanation:

In a dustbin:

• Garbage should be thrown in covered bins because if it is scattered around, it would produce many forms of pollution and infections.
• It should be covered to keep pests and insects out and to mask odours.
• Leakage and smells are controlled by specialized can liners.
• The garbage collected in the dustbin should be given to the garbage collector.
• A waste collector, also known as a garbageman or garbage collector, is a worker for a public or private organisation who is responsible for gathering and disposing of recyclables and municipal solid waste (refuse).
• The waste is collected from homes, businesses, industries, and other collection locations for further processing and waste disposal.

Thus, all the garbage in the house should be collected in a dustbin. 

Concept:

Solid waste:

• Almost everything that we use degenerates and loses its utility over a period of time.
• Many things become unusable after we use them only once.
• Everything that we discard after it loses its usability is known as solid waste or garbage.
• All such wastes are not uniform in nature.
• Solid wastes can be divided into two distinct categories biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.

Explanation:

Non-biodegradable waste:

• Non-biodegradable materials are those materials, which cannot be broken down easily, and retain their form for a long period of time.
• So, those in which there was no change are non-biodegradable materials.  
• For example, metals, tin, plastics etc.

Segregation of wastes:

• The “reuse, recycle, reduce and refuse” this slogan is associated with the practice of waste segregation and management.
• A new set of coloured trash cans are purchased.
• Each block has three distinct trash cans for the disposal of different kinds of waste.
• Waste that has been separated is now disposed of in designated green, blue, and yellow trash cans.
• Plastic wrappers and other non-biodegradable debris are intended for disposal in blue trash cans.

Thus, the blue colour of bins is used for non-biodegradable waste.

Additional InformationBiodegradabel waste:

• We define biodegradable materials as those substances made of organic matter, such as plant and animal matter, that can be easily broken down by nature.
• For example, vegetable peels and other kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, tea leaves, wood, etc.

Waste and their segregation tank colour:

Concept:

Solid waste:

• Almost everything that we use degenerates and loses its utility over a period of time.
• Many things become unusable after we use them only once.
• Everything that we discard after it loses its usability is known as solid waste or garbage.
• All such wastes are not uniform in nature.
• Solid wastes can be divided into two distinct categories biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.

Explanation:

Non-biodegradable waste:

• Non-biodegradable materials are those materials, which cannot be broken down easily, and retain their form for a long period of time.
• So, those in which there was no change are non-biodegradable materials.  
• For example, metals, tin, plastics etc.

Segregation of wastes:

• The “reuse, recycle, reduce and refuse” this slogan is associated with the practice of waste segregation and management.
• A new set of coloured trash cans are purchased.
• Each block has three distinct trash cans for the disposal of different kinds of waste.
• Waste that has been separated is now disposed of in designated green, blue, and yellow trash cans.
• Plastic wrappers and other non-biodegradable debris are intended for disposal in blue trash cans.

Thus, the blue colour of bins is used for non-biodegradable waste.

Additional InformationBiodegradabel waste:

• We define biodegradable materials as those substances made of organic matter, such as plant and animal matter, that can be easily broken down by nature.
• For example, vegetable peels and other kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, tea leaves, wood, etc.

Waste and their segregation tank colour:

Concept:

Water pollution:

• Whenever harmful substances such as sewage, toxic chemicals, silt, etc., get mixed with water, the water becomes polluted.
• The substances that pollute water are called water pollutants.

Explanation:

Ocean pollution:

• Ocean or sea Pollution is the term used to describe waste and other contaminants that enter the ocean from land sources.
• Both the marine ecosystem and the economic systems that depend on it are severely harmed by this pollution.
• Marine pollution occurs when garbage from industry, agriculture, and residences particularly those made of plastic enter the ocean.
• 80% of the floating garbage on ocean surfaces is made up of plastic.
• According to estimates, the ocean environment may have collected at least 100,000,000 tonnes.

Thus, the waste found in oceans is majorly made of plastic.

Additional InformationAir pollution:

• The substances which contaminate the air are called air pollutants.
• Sometimes, such substances may come from natural sources like smoke and dust arising from forest fires or volcanic eruptions.
• Pollutants are also added to the atmosphere by certain human activities.
• The sources of air pollutants are factories, power plants, automobile exhausts and the burning of firewood and dung cakes.

Soil pollution:

• The buildup of persistent harmful chemical compounds, salts, radioactive materials, or even disease-causing agents in soils that have a negative impact on plant development and animal health is known as soil or land pollution.

Landfilling is one of the oldest and most common methods used for the disposal of solid waste.

Landfills are engineered facilities designed to receive and manage solid waste in a controlled manner to minimize environmental impact.

Key Points Here are some key characteristics of landfill disposal:

• Landfill Operation:
  • In a landfill, solid waste is deposited in layers, and each layer is compacted to maximize space utilization.
  • Landfills are typically equipped with liners and leachate collection systems to prevent the contamination of groundwater.
• Covering:
  • Once a section of the landfill reaches its capacity, it is covered with soil or an alternative cover material to minimize odor, discourage pests, and reduce the potential for windblown debris.
• Methane Gas Management:
  • Landfills produce methane gas as organic waste decomposes. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, so many modern landfills have gas collection systems to capture and utilize the gas for energy production.
• Environmental Regulations:
  • Landfills are subject to strict environmental regulations to ensure proper waste management, groundwater protection, and gas emission control.
• Challenges:
  • While landfills are a common waste disposal method, they pose challenges such as land use concerns, potential for groundwater pollution, and the long-term stability of the landfill structure.
• Modern Landfill Designs:
  • Modern landfills incorporate advanced engineering and environmental management practices to minimize their impact on the surrounding environment. This includes measures to control leachate, reduce odors, and capture landfill gas.

Additional Information Despite its common use, landfilling is increasingly viewed as a less sustainable option, and efforts are being made to promote waste reduction, recycling, and alternative waste management strategies. Recycling, composting, waste-to-energy technologies, and other sustainable practices are being encouraged to minimize the amount of waste sent to landfills and to promote a more circular and environmentally friendly approach to waste management.