Pedagogy, Andragogy and Assessment MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Pedagogy, Andragogy and Assessment - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, a framework for classifying educational objectives and thinking behaviors that are believed to be important in the process of learning, was established in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom, commonly referred to as Bloom's Taxonomy.

Key Points The desired learning outcome, or how people will act, think, or feel as a result of engaging in specific instructional activities, can be divided into three categories or domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.

Affective domain:  Attitude-based domain. It deals with growth in emotional areas. It includes receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, and characterizing.

• Receiving: Being aware of or attending to something in the environment.
• Responding: Showing some new behavior as a result of experience.
• Valuing: Showing some definite involvement or commitment.
• Organization: Integrating a new value into your general set of values, giving it some ranking among your general priorities.
• Characterizing: Acting consistently with the new value.

Hence, the objective that belongs to the affective domain is valuing.

Hint

• Cognitive domain: There are six stages of the cognitive domain. They have been pictured by Bloom as a stairway. Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and assessment are the levels in order from lowest to greatest.
• Psychomotor domain: Skill-based domain. It deals with physical coordination, movements, and motor skills. It includes imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and naturalization.

The correct answer is 'Constructing curriculum with the connection of student and student’s family'

Key Points

• Critical Pedagogy in Teacher Education:
  • Critical Pedagogy is a philosophy of education that seeks to help students question and challenge domination, and the beliefs and practices that dominate.
  • It is rooted in critical theory and is a teaching approach which attempts to help students question and challenge oppressive structures and beliefs.
  • The main aim is to empower students to become active and critical participants in their own education and in the broader society.
• Constructing curriculum with the connection of student and student’s family:
  • This option is not a primary focus of Critical Pedagogy. While understanding students' backgrounds can be important, Critical Pedagogy is more concerned with broader societal issues and power dynamics.
  • The emphasis is on transforming society and culture through education, rather than focusing on the individual connections between students and their families.
• Reflecting upon society’s culture:
  • This is a key component of Critical Pedagogy. It encourages students to critically analyze their own culture and the dominant culture to understand how power and oppression operate.
• Developing voice through a critical look at world and society:
  • Critical Pedagogy emphasizes helping students find their voice and express their perspectives, especially in relation to the injustices they observe in the world.
• Transforming the society toward equality for all:
  • A fundamental goal of Critical Pedagogy is to work towards creating a more just and equitable society through education.
  • It involves teaching students to recognize and challenge inequalities and to work towards social transformation.

Additional Information

• Empowerment and Agency:
  • Critical Pedagogy aims to empower students by developing their critical consciousness, enabling them to question and challenge the status quo.
  • This educational approach encourages students to become agents of change in their communities and broader society.
• Role of the Teacher:
  • In Critical Pedagogy, teachers are not just transmitters of knowledge but facilitators of learning. They encourage dialogue and critical thinking among students.
  • Teachers also reflect on their own practices and the power dynamics within the classroom to create a more equitable learning environment.
• Impact on Curriculum:
  • While Critical Pedagogy does not focus on the connection between curriculum and students' families, it does influence the curriculum by integrating social justice issues and encouraging critical analysis of content.
  • The curriculum is designed to be relevant to students' lives and to challenge societal inequalities.

Developing and delivering lessons by teachers are integral in the teaching process. It is hence important for teachers to ensure that the three domains of learning to be achieved. which includes: 

1. Cognitive (thinking)
2. Affective (emotions or feeling)
3. Psychomotor (Physical or kinesthetic)

• Considering the domains and levels of learning can help you find the right path to express that learning.

Levels of Learning

• Benjamin Bloom helped shape the way we categorize learning.

• While the domains define broad areas, they can be further subdivided into levels of learning from lower order to higher order.

Additional Information

• There is one more domain is there that is called the psychosocial domain, propounded by other than the blooms domain.
• The psychosocial domain of learning supports learning through social interaction and relationships.
• Bloom's Taxonomy is the domains of the teaching-learning process can be divided into two important parts as follows: -

Hence, we may say that option 2 is the right answer.

The correct sequence from lower to higher, for indicating learning outcomes related to the affective domain is

• Receiving
• Responding
• Valuing
• Organization
• Characterization

Portfolio

• A portfolio is a summary of a student's major learning accomplishments and strengths. It describes a student's work and achievements.
• It is a collection of a student’s work, usually constructed by selection from a large number of articles, books, magazines, etc., that have been deliberately collected together for a purpose and often presented with a reflective piece written by the student to justify the selection.
• The involvement of the student in reviewing and selecting the content, strategy, and presentation is seen as the main activities for developing a portfolio.
• So, a portfolio is an innovative approach to promote reflective thinking on a wide scale. Portfolios help the students to reflect on their own work in relation to a set of internalized standards – standards that they shared with many others such as peers, academic counselors, teachers, tutors, and course coordinators.
• Portfolios are helpful to focus students’ attention on their own learning efforts and accomplishments.
• The evidence that teachers received from the work of students changes the method in which they teach and increases their expectations for their learners. Portfolios are helpful for students to understand the assessment criteria for themselves.

Hence, we can conclude that the portfolio is maintained to verify the ability, interest, aptitude, and response of the students.

Additional Information

Diary: A diary is a datebook or journal where you record events, emotions, thoughts, or feelings. The datebook where you keep track of appointments is an example of a diary. A journal you keep where you write down your feelings is an example of a diary.

Summative report: Summative report is prepared after evaluating the students in external examinations as well as teacher-made tests, ratings, etc. Although the main purpose of summative evaluation is assigning grades, it also provides information for judging the appropriateness of the course objectives and the effectiveness of instruction.

The main purpose of School Management Committees (SMCs) is to promote greater community participation in the management of schools and to ensure that schools are accountable to their local communities.

Key Points SMCs are typically made up of parents, teachers, and community members who work together to oversee the school's functioning and improve the quality of education provided. Some of the specific responsibilities of SMCs may include the following:

• Developing and implementing school improvement plans
• Approving school budgets and overseeing the use of funds
• Ensuring that the school has adequate resources and infrastructure
• Monitoring the attendance and performance of students
• Engaging with parents and the wider community to promote education and support the school's activities
• Providing feedback to the school leadership on areas for improvement

Hence option 3 is the correct answer.

Educational assessment or educational evaluation is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning. Assessment is conducted in different phases of the teaching-learning process. Some assessments are conducted before the beginning of the teaching-learning process, some are carried out during the process, and others are conducted at the end of the instructional process.

Key Points Grading system: It assesses learners' achievement based upon points as marks.

• It ensures natural classification in qualitative terms rather than quantitative terms since it expresses a range /band of scores to which a learner belongs such as O, A, B, etc.
• Grades acknowledge that precise measurement of human abilities is difficult,  if not impossible.
• It is based on a realistic concept of ‘errors of measurement' 
• Grading can be either direct or indirect.  In indirect grading, marks are subsequently converted into letter grades using absolute standards.
• Grading is better than assigning marks to students because marks create an inferiority complex among children who obtain low marks and get discouraged mentally, while grades do not generate such impacts.
• So by all these references, for the student of class 10, who has emotions, fear, inferiority, etc. so the grading system is the best option for the evaluation/assessment of the students.

Hence, we can conclude that Reena is a science subject teacher in a school, she use grading system to assess the students of class 10.

Important Points

• Essay Examination: Essay type Examination is known as the long answer type examination. Long answer or essay type tests are used to measure such learning outcomes that are complex rather than simple and higher-order learning rather than lower-order learning demanding understanding and reflection. Therefore, these are another variety of response construction type tests.
• The oral examination allows students to respond directly to the instructor’s questions or to present prepared statements. The purpose of the oral examination is to evaluate the student’s ability to present knowledge in a well-organized, and cogent manner.
   

Additive Inverse: Additive inverse of a number would be the number that should be added to the previous number to get the result Xero. I.e negative of the original number.

For example : additive inverse of Z would be -Z 

 Z+ (-Z) = 0

Since it is a very factual question, hence it is a close-ended question.

Close-ended questions

• Close-ended questions are a common objective type or factual questions in the form of multiple-choice questions where the respondent is required to choose answers from a set of answers provided.
• It is used to collect quantitative data which is used to determine statistical significance.
• A question having a very limited no. of options from which it can be answered, or a factual question, very limited possible answers are there and not much creativity is required to answer them.
• Close-ended questions have a one-word answer such as 'yes' or 'no' or certain objective answers relative to the respondent.

Benefits of Close-ended questions are:-

1. Quick answers can be provided
2. Easy to understand
3. Results are concluded within a short time frame
4. Answers are in context and relevancy to the questions asked
5. The scope of deviation is significantly reduced.

Key Points

Open-ended question:

• If there could be many solutions to a single problem, it would be an open-ended question. It requires creativity to answer such questions.
• Open-ended questions are questions that can't be answered in yes or no, rather requires a detailed answer with proper explanation. 
• These are a useful tool for primary teachers to help students discover new ideas and develop critical thinking.
• These types of questions give tremendous freedom to the respondents to answer according to their interpretation.
•  An open-ended question permits the respondents to answer in their own words. 
• Open-ended questions are used to opine self-reflection of a subject or topic. Checklists, ranking orders, alternate responses are other types of self-reporting modalities used.
• Reflective questions: A reflective question provides the learner with an insight into what and how they have learned.
• Multidisciplinary approach: In a multidisciplinary approach single discipline is viewed from multiple discipline’s perspectives.

Conclusion:  Additive inverse of ‘z’ would be _____. This question is a close-ended question.

Teaching method is a way to put theory in practice with the help of principles, pedagogy, and management strategies. Teaching methods help the teachers to plan and present the lesson in a coherent way. 

• There are various kinds of teaching methods in fashion to facilitate learning and 'Project Method' is one of them. Project method of teaching is developed on the basis of Pragmatic/Pragmatism Philosophy. 

Key Points

• The founder of the project method in teaching is John Dewey as first it was originated by John Dewey and was later popularized by W.H. Killpatrick.  
• The Project method emphasizes active learning by association and mutual co-operation of a group of peers to complete a specific project effectively.
• The pragmatism philosophy of education was first founded by 'Charles Sanders Peirce' and was later described in detail by 'William James' and 'John Dewey'.
• This educational philosophy emphasizes that learning by doing ensures the development of self-learning skills, emotional growth, etc. 

Important Points

Characteristics of Project Method:

• Relates learning with real-life.

• Promotes learner's active participation.
• Develops abstract and concrete scientific skills.

• Encourages the application of practical knowledge.
• Ensures learner's individual and collective development.

Hence, it could be concluded that the project method in teaching is John Dewey.

Bloom's Taxonomy, a framework for categorizing educational objectives and cognitive skills, was developed by Benjamin Bloom and a group of educators at the University of Chicago in the 1950s.

Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models that refers to the classification of educational learning objectives. In the taxonomy, Bloom identified three domains of learning which include cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.

Important Points

These three domains have been divided in a way that proceeds from the simplest process to the complex.

• Cognitive domains: In this domain, a child deals with knowledge and hence, learns to create or design, evaluate, analyze, etc.
• Psychomotor domains: It is concerned with acquiring skills that require the integration of mental and physical movements.
• Affective domains: This domain comes into play when we grow in emotional areas such as feelings, attitudes, etc. It includes how we deal with things emotionally, such as feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms, motivations, and attitudes.

Let's Understand the Levels of Affective Domain in Brief:

• Receiving: When a learner shows sensitivity to certain stimuli.
• Responding:  It is defined as the tendency to respond to an object or stimuli.
• Valuing: It refers to the acceptance of behaviour and commitment to it. One values certain behaviours not by desires but by commitment.
• Organizing: It refers to organizing the value system which is attained when one develops one’s code of conduct or standard of public life.
• Characterizing: It deals with behaviour as per values or attitudes a child has imbibed; children show teamwork.