Cell MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Cell - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is option 3.

Solution

Concept:

• The functions of organelles in the endomembrane system are coordinated with each other.
• The organelles in endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, golgi apparatus, and lysosmes.

Explanation:

Let us look at the different structure of cells in the endomembrane system and their function:

So, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is passive transport

Concept:

• Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against a concentration gradient. This movement is facilitated by enzymes and carrier proteins.
• Passive transport is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane as a result of a concentration gradient.

Explanation:

• Passive transport is a broad category that includes osmosis, diffusion of a solute across a membrane, and facilitated diffusion.
• All these processes involve the movement of substances across cell membranes without the expenditure of energy by the cell.

 The correct answer is Lysosomes.

Key Points

• Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell.
• They help to keep the cell clean by digesting any foreign materials as well as worn-out cell organelles.

Important Points 

Concept:

• The term "cytoskeleton" refers to the complex web of proteinaceous filaments found in the cytoplasm, including microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.
• A cell's cytoskeleton performs various tasks, including movement, mechanical support, and maintaining the cell's shape.

Explanation:

• Cilia and flagella are outgrowths of the cell membrane.
• They are small, oar-like structures called cilia that propel the fluid surrounding the cell or itself. Comparatively longer flagella oversee cell motility.
• Flagella are seen in prokaryotic bacteria as well as eukaryotic cells. But eukaryotic flagella are structurally different from prokaryotic bacteria.
• A cilium or a flagellum can be studied under the electron microscope to reveal that they are covered in the plasma membrane.
• Their core is known as an axoneme.
• A pair of centrally positioned microtubules and nine doublets of peripheral microtubules that are oriented radially typically make up an axoneme.
• This configuration of axonemal microtubules is known as the "9+2 array."
• A radial spoke connects one of each peripheral doublet's tubules to the central tubules, which are connected by bridges and likewise encased by a central sheath. There are nine radial spokes as a result. Additionally, linkers are used to connect the peripheral doublets. The basal bodies, a centriole-like structure, give rise to both the cilium and flagellum.

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So, the correct answer is option 3, 9 pairs of doublets radially arranged at the periphery with a pair of centrally located microtubules.

The correct answer is Number of chromosomes remains the same in Mitosis.Key Points

• The number of chromosomes remains the same in Mitosis is TRUE about the process of Mitosis.

 Mitosis:

• It is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division).
• The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn-out cells.
• In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
• Mitosis has four sequential stages:
  • Prophase.
  • Metaphase.
  • Anaphase.
  • Telophase.
• ​​Cytokinesis is the final physical cell division that follows telophase.

Additional Information

The correct answer is smallest.

Key Points

• A cell is the smallest living part of an organism. It is the basic unit of life and the building block of all living organisms.
• The word "cell" comes from the Latin word "cellula", which means "small room".
• Cells are responsible for carrying out all the functions necessary for an organism to survive and grow, such as obtaining nutrients, eliminating waste, and reproducing.

Additional Information

•  Robert Hooke makes the discovery of the cell in 1665.
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two different types of cells.
  • A prokaryotic cell's nucleus is absent. As an alternative, certain prokaryotes, like bacteria, have a section of their cells where the genetic material is allowed to float freely. The nucleoid is the term for this area. Each of them is a single-celled microbe. Bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaea are among examples.
  • Cells classified as eukaryotic have a genuine nucleus. This large category includes animals, plants, fungus, and protozoa. The monitoring of the movement of nutrients and electrolytes into and out of cells is the responsibility of the plasma membrane. It is also in charge of cell-to-cell transmission.
• Cell organelles are:
  • Nucleolus: The nucleolus is where ribosome synthesis takes place. Moreover, it has a role in regulating both cellular proliferation and activity.
  • Nuclear Membrane: By creating a barrier between the nucleus and other cell organelles, the nuclear membrane shields the nucleus from harm.
  • Golgi bodies: Because golgi bodies are crucial in the movement of materials within cells, they are referred to as the post office of the cell.
  • Mitochondria: It is said that the mitochondrion is "the powerhouse of the cell." It generates ATP, the energy currency of the cell, which is why it gets its name.
  • Lysosomes: Lysosomes aid in cell renewal and provide protection to the cell by swallowing foreign objects that enter it. As a result, they are referred to as the suicide bags of the cell.
  • Chloroplast: The principal organelles involved in photosynthesis are chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in it.

The correct answer is Option 4

Explanation:

A. Golgi Bodies (Principal Director of Macromolecular Traffic)

• The Golgi apparatus is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other parts of the cell.
• It receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), processes them, and then directs them to their destination.
• It also forms lysosomes and various other vesicles.

B. Mitochondria (Site of Oxidative Phosphorylation)

• Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.
• They are the principal site of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production through the process of oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
• They generate energy required for various cellular activities by breaking down glucose and other substrates.

C. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (Intracellular Transport)

• The ER is a network of membranous tubules and sacs (cisternae) involved in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.
• The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is primarily involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins.
• The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.

D. Chloroplast (Site of Photosynthesis)

• Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells and some protists.
• They capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
• Within the chloroplast, the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes where phosphorylation (production of ATP) is also a key part of the light reactions.

E. Vacuole (Storage of Cell Sap)

• The vacuole is responsible for storing nutrients, waste products, and other substances within a cell.
• In plant cells, the central vacuole can occupy a large portion of the cell volume and is filled with cell sap, which contains water, enzymes, ions, and other substances.
• Vacuoles help maintain turgor pressure within plant cells, which is crucial for maintaining their structure and function.

Conclusion:

• A= Principal director of macromolecular traffic (Golgi bodies)
• B = Site of oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria)
• C = Intracellular transport (ER)
• D = Site of phosphorylation (chloroplast)
• E = Storage of cell sap (vacuole)

Concept:

• Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells (Haploid). This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction
• These goals are accomplished in meiosis using a two-step division process.
• In meiosis I chromosomes in a diploid cell resegregate, producing four haploid daughter cells. It is this step in meiosis that generates genetic diversity.
• Meiosis II separates the chromatids producing two daughter cells each with 23 chromosomes (haploid), and each chromosome has only one chromatid.

Explanation:

• Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis are the various stage of Prophase I is the longest stage of the meiotic division.

The correct answer is Cell membranes are made up of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Key Points

•  The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is a thin layer that surrounds the cytoplasm of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells.
• It is a selectively permeable cell organelle, allowing certain substances inside the cell while preventing others to pass through and thus is analogous to a barrier or gatekeeper in their function.
• It also serves as the site of attachment for the cytoskeleton that helps to provide shape and support to the cell.
• The main components that make up all cell membranes are lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Additional Information

•  Their proportions  of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates vary between different types of eukaryotic cells, but their basic characteristics remain the same.
• For a typical human cell, proteins account for about 50 percent of the composition by mass, lipids account for about 40 percent, and the remaining 10 percent comes from carbohydrate molecules
• . The arrangement of different proteins and lipids in the cell membrane looks like the arrangement found in a mosaic floor.

The correct answer is PlastidsKey Points

•  Plastids are organelles found in the cells of plants and algae, not in the nucleus.
• They are responsible for photosynthesis, storage of products like starch, and the synthesis of many classes of molecules such as fatty acids and terpenes which are necessary for the cell.
• Plastids share a similar origin, deriving from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.
• They contain their own DNA, which is distinct from the nuclear DNA of the cell.
• Types of plastids include chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts, each with specialized functions.
• Chloroplasts, in particular, are involved in photosynthesis and contain the pigment chlorophyll.

Additional Information

• Chromatin fibres are a complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
• A subcontractor is not related to biology but is a term used in business for a company or person that carries out work for a company as part of a larger project.
• Nucleoplasty is a medical procedure, not a component of the cell nucleus.