Animal Diseases MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Animal Diseases - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is Only iii & iv are incorrect.

Key Points

• Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, often caused by viral infections. So, it affects the brain, not the thyroid gland.
• Goitre is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck, not the brain. It's often associated with iodine deficiency.

Additional Information

• Asthma: This is a condition that affects the airways in the lungs, leading to episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma attacks occur when the lining of the bronchial tubes swell, causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air into and out of the lungs. It's usually caused by an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.
• Diabetes: This is a chronic condition where the body is unable to efficiently process glucose (sugar) in the blood. It's associated with high blood sugar levels. The pancreas plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by producing the hormone insulin. There are two primary types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, where the body does not produce insulin, and Type 2 diabetes, where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or the cells resist it.
• Encephalitis: This is inflammation of the brain, often caused by infections, particularly viral infections. Symptoms can range from mild (like headaches, fever, fatigue) to severe (like seizures, motor issues, and loss of consciousness). It requires immediate medical attention.
• Goitre: This is a disease characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. The swelling usually occurs as a result of the thyroid gland not being able to produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the body's needs, which is often due to a lack of iodine in the diet. This leads to the gland working harder and growing in size.

The correct answer is Aedes aegypti mosquito.

Key Points

• Dengue fever is caused by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, specifically by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes. 

Additional Information

• Varicella-Zoster Virus:
  • The Varicella-Zoster virus is responsible for causing two distinct diseases: chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster).
  • Chickenpox is a contagious disease characterized by an itchy rash and is typically a childhood illness.
  • Shingles, on the other hand, occurs in adults who have previously had chickenpox, as the virus can re-emerge later in life.
• Aedes aegypti Mosquito:
  • The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector responsible for transmitting various diseases, including dengue fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, and yellow fever.
  • Dengue fever is caused by one of four closely related dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, or DEN-4).
  • When an infected Aedes mosquito bites a person, it transmits the virus into the person's bloodstream, leading to dengue fever.
• Hepatitis A Virus:
  • Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV).
  • It is a contagious liver infection that is typically spread through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
  • Hepatitis A can cause symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, and flu-like symptoms.
  • Unlike dengue fever, which is transmitted by mosquitoes, hepatitis A is primarily spread through fecal-oral transmission.

Answer: Hydrophobia.Key PointsHydrophobia:

• It is a condition of People affected by Rabies where infected persons get spasms in their throat muscles which is painful so that they cannot eat or drink.
• This will make them to avoid water resulting in Hydrophobia.
• Caused by Rabies Virus.

Additional InformationAnthrax:

• Caused by Spore forming Bacterium.

Diptheria:

• Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

​​Pertussis:

• Also Known as Whooping Cough.
• Caused by Bordetella Pertussis.

​​Syphilis:

• Caused by Bacterium Treponema Pallidum. 

The correct answer is TB.

Key Points

• Disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.

• Pathogen	Disease
  Protozoa	Malaria
  Bacteria	Cholera
  	Typhoid
  	Tuberculosis
  	Plague
  Fungi	Ringworm
  	Tinea
  Virus	AIDS
  	Common Cold
  	Hepatitis B
  	Poilo
  	Dengue Fever

The correct answer is Pellagra.

Key Points

• The diseases which occur due to the deficiency of one or more nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals) in our diet are called deficiency diseases.
• Vitamins are organic substances that we require in adequate quantities for good health.
• Based on solubility Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (lipid soluble) or water-soluble.
• Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.
• Vitamin C and B are water-soluble.
• Eight of the water-soluble vitamins are known as the vitamin B-complex group.
• Nicotinic acid, or vitamin B3, is involved in energy production, normal enzyme function, digestion, promoting normal appetite, and healthy skin, and nerves.

Explanation:

• The deficiency of nicotinic acid/ Vitamin B3 leads to pellagra.
• Symptoms include cramps, nausea, mental confusion, and skin problems.
• It can lead to dementia.
• Pellagra can be treated by including sources of vitamin B3 such as fish, poultry, meat, peanuts, and whole and enriched grain products in our diet.

Thus, the disease caused by deficiency of nicotinic acid is pellagra.

Additional Information 

Other deficiency diseases are:

• Anemia:
  • Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport in the blood.
  • It can be caused by nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, folic acid), chronic diseases, genetic conditions (sickle cell anemia, thalassemia), or excessive blood loss.
• Dermatitis:
  • Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin resulting in itchy, red, swollen, and sore areas.
  • It can be caused by allergic reactions (contact dermatitis), irritants (chemical exposure), genetic factors (atopic dermatitis), infections, or autoimmune conditions.
  • Common triggers include soaps, detergents, metals, and certain plants.
• Goiter:
  • Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, often visible as a swelling at the base of the neck.
  • It is primarily caused by iodine deficiency, leading to insufficient thyroid hormone production.
  • Other causes include thyroid disorders (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease) and certain medications or genetic factors.

The correct answer is Both B and C

Explanation:

• Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for malignant malaria.
• This form of malaria is the most severe and can lead to rapid health deterioration, causing high fever, severe anemia, and often involves complications such as organ failure.
• Malignant malaria is characterized by its potential to cause life-threatening complications if not treated promptly and effectively.
• Among the malaria-causing Plasmodium species, P. falciparum is the most likely to result in severe infections, significant morbidity, and mortality, underscoring the critical importance of prevention, early detection, and appropriate treatment.
• Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal.

The correct answer is A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II

Key Points

• Insulin deficiency leads to increase in glucose level in the body, this condition is called diabetes.
• Kwashiorkor is a type of malnutrition characterized by severe protein deficiency.
• The deficiency of thyroxine hormone in a disease condition is called goitre and swollen neck is one of its symptoms.
• Scurvy is a clinical syndrome resulting from vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is essential for the growth and repair of skin, cartilage, bone, and teeth.

The correct answer is 2-4 months.

Explanation-

• Kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis, is a disease caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies.
• The incubation period, which is the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms, can vary widely.
• After a sandfly bite, symptoms may begin to appear in a few weeks, but it can sometimes take months or even up to a year.
• On average, the incubation period for visceral leishmaniasis is between 2 and 6 months.

• Symptoms: The main symptoms are fever, weight loss, enlargement of the liver and spleen, anaemia, and immunosuppression. 

The correct answer is Vincristine.

Key Points

• Vincristine sulfate is approved to treat adults and children with Acute leukemia.

Additional Information

Leukemia

• It is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow.
• It usually involves the white blood cells
• It results in high numbers of abnormal blood cells.
• It can cause due to mutation in the DNA
• It is caused due to natural and artificial ionizing radiation and by some chemicals like benzene.
• Types of leukaemia

1. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia
2. Acute myelogenous leukaemia 
3. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
4. Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 

CONCEPT:

Diseases caused by bacteria

• Bacteria are microscopic organisms that can cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
• Some common bacterial diseases include leprosy, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and tetanus.
• Bacterial diseases are often treatable with antibiotics, which target bacterial growth and reproduction.

EXPLANATION

• Leprosy: A chronic bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affecting the skin, nerves, and respiratory tract.
• Tuberculosis: Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
• Diphtheria: Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, it affects the throat and airways and can produce toxins harmful to other organs.
• Tetanus: Caused by Clostridium tetani, it affects the nervous system, leading to muscle stiffness and spasms.

All four diseases mentioned are caused by bacteria.

Therefore, the correct answer is 1, 2, 3, and 4.