Sociology, Society and Social Sciences MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Sociology, Society and Social Sciences - Download Free PDF

Key Points

• Compassion is an essential aspect of social awareness, enabling individuals to connect with others' emotions and experiences.
• It helps in building trust and stronger interpersonal relationships.
• Compassion involves understanding and taking action to alleviate the suffering of others.
• It is a critical skill in emotional intelligence and plays a role in effective communication and conflict resolution.

Additional Information

• Unconscientiousness: This term refers to a lack of conscientiousness, which means being careless, irresponsible, or not thorough. People who are unconscientious are less likely to display empathy or social awareness.
• Selfishness: Selfishness is the quality of being concerned excessively with one's own needs and desires, often at the expense of others. It is the opposite of empathy and compassion, which are other-focused qualities.
• Perseverance: Perseverance refers to persistence and determination in achieving goals despite difficulties or obstacles. While it is an admirable quality, it is not directly related to social awareness or empathy

The correct answer is - Urban Planning

Key Points

• Urban Planning
  • Patrick Geddes is renowned for his pioneering work in the field of Urban Planning in India.
  • He introduced the concept of regional planning and emphasized the importance of understanding the social context of urban development.
  • Geddes' urban planning principles focused on improving the quality of life through thoughtful design and consideration of local cultural and environmental factors.

Additional Information

• Patrick Geddes' Contributions
  • Geddes introduced survey-based planning where he studied existing conditions before making planning decisions.
  • He emphasized the importance of educational and community facilities in urban areas.
  • His work in India included planning projects in cities like Madras (Chennai), Bombay (Mumbai), and Calcutta (Kolkata).
• Urban Planning Principles
  • Urban planning involves the design and regulation of the use of space within cities, focusing on the physical, social, and economic development of urban areas.
  • Key aspects include land use planning, infrastructure development, and ensuring sustainable growth.
  • Planners work to create environments that are safe, functional, and aesthetically pleasing.

The correct answer is - C.W. Mills

Key Points

• C.W. Mills
  • Charles Wright Mills was a prominent American sociologist who introduced the concept of the sociological imagination.
  • The term "sociological imagination" refers to the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and larger social forces.
  • Mills argued that sociology helps us understand how personal troubles (individual challenges) are linked to public issues (broader societal problems).
  • This perspective allows individuals to place their personal experiences within a wider social and historical context.

Additional Information

• Personal Troubles vs. Public Issues
  • Personal troubles are private problems experienced within the character of the individual and the range of their immediate relations with others.
  • Public issues are problems that transcend the individual and are collective interests or values felt to be threatened.
  • For example, unemployment can be viewed as a personal trouble for an individual, but when large numbers of people are unemployed, it becomes a public issue that requires societal intervention.
• Sociological Imagination
  • The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society.
  • It is a critical tool for understanding how societal structures impact individual lives and vice versa.
  • This concept encourages a deeper understanding of how societal norms, policies, and institutions influence personal experiences.

The correct answer is - (A), (B) and (C)

Key Points

• Economic capital
  • Includes money, property, and other financial assets.
• Cultural capital
  • Comprises education, skills, and other cultural knowledge.
• Social capital
  • Involves networks of relationships and social connections.

Additional Information

• Other forms of capital
  • Symbolic capital: Refers to prestige, honor, and recognition within a society.
  • Human capital: Includes individual attributes like health, knowledge, and abilities.
• Importance of capital in social stratification
  • Different forms of capital contribute to social mobility and status.
  • Accumulation and exchange of capital influence one's position in the social hierarchy.

The correct answer is Socialization.

Key Points

• Socialization:
  • Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.
  • It is a Life-Long process that continues throughout life from birth to adulthood.
  • Socialization is a process of acquiring values, beliefs, and expectations.
  • Socialization is a process in which a person adapts all the social behavior adaptation of social values and principles.
  • Adaptation of cultural rituals.
  • Adaptation of skills
• Types of Socialization:
  • Primary Socialization:
    • It happens during infancy and childhood.
    • Agents of primary socialization are parents and family.
    • For children, their families are the primary agent of socialization.
  • Secondary Socialization:
    • It occurs once the infant passes into the childhood phase and continues into maturity.
    • During this phase more than the family some other agents of socialization like school and friends.

The correct answer is Customs.

Key Points

• As per the Weber, Customs are the source of traditional authority.
• As per Max Weber, there are three types of authority:

1. Traditional authority
2. Charismatic authority
3. Legal-rational authority

• Traditional authority is a type of leadership in which the authority of a ruling power is associated tradition or custom.
• Charismatic authority is the power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire obedience and devotion.
• Legal-rational authority is a bureaucratic authority, in which the power is legitimized by legally enacted laws such as governments.

The correct answer is Socialization.

Key Points

• Socialization:
  • Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.
  • It is a Life-Long process that continues throughout life from birth to adulthood.
  • Socialization is a process of acquiring values, beliefs, and expectations.
  • Socialization is a process in which a person adapts all the social behavior adaptation of social values and principles.
  • Adaptation of cultural rituals.
  • Adaptation of skills
• Types of Socialization:
  • Primary Socialization:
    • It happens during infancy and childhood.
    • Agents of primary socialization are parents and family.
    • For children, their families are the primary agent of socialization.
  • Secondary Socialization:
    • It occurs once the infant passes into the childhood phase and continues into maturity.
    • During this phase more than the family some other agents of socialization like school and friends.

According to Louis Wirth, the following variables are important in making urban life impersonal :

• Size
• Density
• Heterogeneity

Important Points 

• Louis Wirth was an American Sociologist and member of the Chicago School of Sociology.
• Urbanism as a way of life and Ghetto are his concepts.
• His books are :

1. The Ghetto (1928)
2. The Urban mode of life (1937)
3. Urbanism as a way of life (1938)
4. On cities and Social life (1964)

In Indian context, increase in slum population depicts an extension of rural poverty.Important Points

• A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty.
• The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete, and they are primarily inhabited by impoverished people.

Additional Information

• Rural-to-urban migration is when people move, either temporarily or permanently, from a rural area to an urban city.
• The push factors of rural to urban migration are lack of job facilities, low salary, less income, drought, less medical and educational facilities for rural to urban migration.

The correct answer is Having a sense of commitment to the job.  

Key PointsProfessional Ethics:

• Professional ethics are principles that govern the behavior of a person or group in a business environment.
• Following are the principles of professional ethics:
  • Honesty and truthfulness
  • Unbiased or just
  • Value to the public
  • Respect and concern
  • Punctuality and availability
  • Commitment to the job.
  • Protect confidentiality
  • Comply with laws

The correct answer is the movement of an individual or people or groups from one status to another.  

Key Points

• Social mobility is defined as movement from one class or status position to another, it explains changes in social status.
• Following are the types of social mobility:
  • Horizontal mobility
  • Vertical mobility
  • Upward mobility
  • Downward mobility
  • Inter - generational mobility
  • Intra - generational mobility

Horizontal mobility: 

• This occurs when a person changes their occupation but their overall social standing remains unchanged.

Vertical mobility:  

• This refers a change in status of a person that causes change in their social position.
• It is the movement of an individual or people or groups from one statues to another.
• It can be ascending or descending.
• Ascending refers an individual moving from a group in a lower stratum to higher one.
• Descending mobility occurs when a person is in loses resulting in a move to lower stratum of society.

Upward mobility:  

• The movement from a lower class to the one above for example from working to middle class.

Downward mobility:  

• The movement from a class to the one below, for example from middle to working class.

Inter-generational mobility: 

• Movement between generations of a family, for example if an adult child become middle class through education even if they were born into a working class family.

Intra- generational mobility:  

• Movement of an individual from one class to another through the course of their life.
• It happens through changes in occupation for example from being a secretary to being a teacher.

The correct answer is Social Skills. 

Key PointsSocial Skills: 

• Social skills are the skills that promote effective communication with others.
• These skills are important for a satisfactory personal and professional life.
• Social skills include written, verbal, nonverbal, and visual communication used to relay a message to others.
• Common ways in which we exercise our social skills are:
  • The language we use
  • The tone, and pitch volume of our voice
  • Physical gestures we make
  • Our face expressions
  • Our body language
  • Eye contact with others when communicating 

Additional InformationEducational Skills: 

• Critical thinking skills, patience, creative thinking, time management, computer skills come under educational skills.

Professional skills:  

• Professional skills are career competencies and abilities used in work place that are beneficial for nearly any job.
• Some examples of professional skills are active listening, problem solving, decision making, team work, time management etc.

Technical Skills: 

• Technical skills are specialized knowledge and expertise required to perform specific task and use specific tools and programs in real world situations.
• Some examples of technical skills are Data Analysis, Web Development, Financial Management, Bookkeeping, UX design etc.

Wangari Mathai got the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2004 for her contribution to Sustainable Development, Democracy, and Peace.

Important Points

• Wangari Mathai was a Kenyan environmental activist and Nobel peace prize laureate.
• She founded the Green Belt Movement, an organization focused on tree planting and environmental conservation, as well as promoting women's rights and democracy in Kenya.
• Mathai was the first African woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.​

Additional Information

• Anil Agarwal was an Indian environmentalist who was also the founder of the Centre for Science and Environment.
• M.C. Mehta is an Indian lawyer who has fought multiple cases related to environmental issues.
• Sundarlal Bahuguna is an Indian environmentalist and social activist who is associated with the Chipko Movement. 

The correct answer is Aristotle.  

Key Points

• Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during classical period in Ancient Greece.
• He was born in Stagira in Northern Greece.
• Aristotle's practical philosophy covers areas such as Ethics, Politics, Economics and Rhetoric.
• He considered ethics to be a practical rather than theoretical.
• He wrote several treatises on ethics, including notably, the Nicomachean  Ethics.

Additional InformationEpicurus:  

• Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who developed an unsparingly materialistic metaphysics, epistemology and hedonistic ethics.
• He tried to explain all natural phenomena in atomic terms.
• He taught that the basic constituents of the world are atoms.

Socrates:  

• Socrates was a Greek philosopher from Athens.
• He is the founder of western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.

The correct answer is Statistical Method."Key Points

• Sociology is a form of Science since it uses statistical data to concrete the hypothesis and facts.
• For instance Durkheim collected stats to give his theory on Study of suicide.
• Similarly to prove religion as dysfunctional Marx collected stats and facts.
• Since Stats collection is a feature of scientific research, hence can be called as science.
• In sociological terms called as positivist methodology.