Reproduction in Organisms MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Reproduction in Organisms - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is All statements are correct.

Key Points

• Statement I: Asexual reproduction involves a single parent. This is correct as asexual reproduction does not require the fusion of gametes or two parents. Examples include binary fission, budding, and vegetative propagation.
• Statement II: In hydra, asexual reproduction takes place through budding. This is true as hydra reproduces asexually by forming a bud that grows into a new organism and eventually detaches from the parent body.
• Statement III: In binary fission, an organism divides into two equal parts. This is correct as binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a single organism splits into two identical organisms. It is common in organisms like Amoeba and Paramecium.
• Statement IV: Metamorphosis is the process by which the larva develops into an adult through changes. This is accurate as metamorphosis refers to the biological process in which an organism undergoes significant physical transformation during its life cycle, as seen in butterflies and frogs.
• All four statements are scientifically correct, making the correct answer All statements are correct.

Additional Information

• Asexual reproduction
  • Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that involves a single parent and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
  • It is common in unicellular organisms like bacteria, protozoa, and certain plants and animals.
  • Examples of asexual reproduction include budding, binary fission, spore formation, and vegetative propagation.
• Hydra reproduction
  • Hydra reproduces asexually through budding, where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.
  • Hydra is a genus of small, freshwater organisms belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
• Binary fission
  • Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which a single organism divides into two parts, each of which becomes a new organism.
  • It occurs in unicellular organisms like Amoeba, Euglena, and bacteria.
  • It ensures rapid multiplication and survival of the species in favorable conditions.
• Metamorphosis
  • Metamorphosis is a developmental process involving significant physical changes from the larval to the adult stage.
  • Examples include the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly or a tadpole into a frog.
  • It is typically observed in amphibians and insects.

The correct answer is Tapeworm and leech

Explanation:

• Hermaphrodites are organisms that have both male and female reproductive organs. This allows them to produce both eggs and sperm, enabling them to reproduce in a variety of conditions.
• Earthworms, sponge, Tapeworm and leech are examples of bisexual animals that possess both male and female reproductive organs, are hermaphrodites. 
• Cockroach is an example of unisexual species

Explanation:

• Cockroach and frog: These are not hermaphrodites. Cockroaches and frogs have distinct male and female individuals, requiring mating between opposite sexes for reproduction.
• Carp fish and pigeon: Neither carp fish nor pigeons are hermaphrodites. Both species have distinct male and female individuals and require mating between opposite sexes for reproduction.

The correct answer is option 1.

Note: Both hydra and yeast reproduce asexually by budding. Thus, both option 1 and 2 are factually incorrect. But, we have marked the correct answer as Option 1 according to the official answer key.

Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc108.pdf

Key Points

• Hydra reproduces asexually through a process called budding, not multiple fission.
• Yeast primarily reproduces asexually through budding rather than spore formation.
• Plasmodium is known for reproducing through multiple fission within its host cells.
• Leishmania reproduces asexually through a process called binary fission.
• Each organism has specific methods of asexual reproduction, which are key to their biological processes.

Additional Information

• Budding
  • This is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.
  • Hydra and yeast commonly use this method for reproduction.
• Binary Fission
  • This is a method of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two parts, each of which becomes a new organism.
  • Binary fission is common in prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and protozoa like Leishmania.
• Multiple Fission
  • In this type of asexual reproduction, the parent cell divides into multiple daughter cells simultaneously.
  • Plasmodium, the malaria-causing parasite, reproduces using multiple fission within the red blood cells of its host.

The correct answer is Archaeocytes.

Key Points

• In porifera, gametes are usually formed by archaeocytes.
• Archaeocytes are amoeboid cells found in sponges that can differentiate into other cell types.
  • They play a crucial role in the reproductive processes of sponges.
• Choanocytes, myocytes, and pinacocytes serve different functions within the sponge.

Additional Information

• Choanocytes, also known as collar cells, are responsible for water flow and capturing food particles.
• Myocytes are muscle-like cells that help in regulating water flow by opening and closing pores.
• Pinacocytes form the outer layer of the sponge and provide protection.

•  Rhizopus is a common saprophytic fungus found on different vegetables, fruits, bread etc.
• It is commonly found growing on bread therefore known as Bread mould.
• The body of the rhizobium is made up of branched mycelium.
• The mycelium in the Rhizopus is coenocytic, i.e the hyphae are aseptate.
• Hyphae refer to the thin branching tubular thread-like structures that make up the body (mycelium) of the fungus.

The mycelium is divided into 3 types of hyphae-

• Stolon
• Rhizoid
• Sporangiophores

Explanation:

Stolon

• They are the internodal region that connects the two groups of rhizoids.

Rhizoid

• They are root-like structures.
• They are branched and help in anchorage to the substratum.
• Their main function is the absorption of food from the substratum.

Sporangiophores

• These are the erect and slender branches that are produced at the point where the stolons and rhizoids meet.
• They are aerial ad reproductive hyphae.
• They are branched and the terminal part bears a structure called Sporangium.
• This sporangium consists of Sporangiospores, which help in asexual reproduction.

The correct answer is asexual reproduction.Key Points

• Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which offspring are produced by a single parent without the involvement of gametes or fertilization.
• In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent, as there is no genetic recombination or mixing of genetic material from two parents.
• Examples of asexual reproduction include binary fission in bacteria, budding in yeast, and fragmentation in starfish.
• Asexual reproduction is advantageous in stable environments, as it allows for rapid reproduction and the ability to colonize new habitats quickly.

Additional Information

• In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assisted reproductive technology that involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside of the body and then transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus.
  • IVF is used in cases of infertility or genetic disorders. 
• External fertilization is a type of sexual reproduction that occurs outside of the body, such as in aquatic animals like fish and amphibians.
  • The eggs and sperm are released into the water, where fertilization occurs.
• Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents to produce offspring with genetic diversity.
  • This type of reproduction is common in animals, plants, and some fungi.
  • It allows for genetic variation, which can be advantageous in changing environments.

The correct answer is Frog
Key Points 

• External fertilization occurs when eggs are shed by the female and fertilized by the male outside of the body. This type of fertilization is common in aquatic organisms, such as fish and amphibians.
• Among options (hen, cat, frog, and snake), the frog is an example of a species where external fertilization takes place. The other listed animals - hen (a species of bird), cat (a mammalian species), and snake (a species of reptiles) - practice internal fertilization.

Key Points

• There are three main modes of reproduction observed in animals:

1. Viviparity - 
   • It involves giving birth to young ones directly.
   • Fertilization in viviparous animals takes place internally.
   • Embryonic development takes place inside the mother's body.
   • The embryo is connected to the mother by the placenta.
   • E.g.: Mammals like a horse. Fishes like shark (some species) are viviparous as well.
2. Oviparity - 
   • It involves the laying of eggs by the animal.
   • Embryonic development takes place within the egg.
   • Fertilization can take place internally or externally.
   • E.g.: Birds, some fish, amphibians, etc.
3. Ovoviviparity - 
   • This method involves laying of eggs and then keeping them inside the mother's body till the young are nearly ready to hatch.
   • Fertilization takes place internally.
   • The embryonic development takes place within a thin membranous eggshell in the oviduct.
   • E.g.: Some lizards and snakes.

Explanation:

• House lizard - 
  • ​House lizard belongs to Class Reptilia.
  • House lizards are oviparous.
  • They lay eggs and the development of the young takes place inside the egg.
• Ostrich - 
  • Ostrich belongs to Class Aves.
  • On fertilization, the ostrich lays a fertilized egg within which the young one develops.
  • Ostrich eggs are considered to be the largest egg of all.
  • Thus ostrich is an oviparous.
• Pigeon - 
  • Pigeon belongs to Class Aves.
  • Pigeon is an oviparous.
  • The development of a young one takes place inside the egg.
  • Once the development of the young one is complete at the end of 18 days, eggs are hatched.
• Kangaroo - 
  • ​Kangaroo belongs to Class Mammalia.
  • Kangaroo is a viviparous animal.
  • It gives birth to the immature young one.
  • The young one (joey) born is immature, naked and one inch long.
  • Immediately after birth, it is transferred into the large marsupium (pouch) of the mother.
  • It comes out when it turns four months old.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct Answer: Option 1

Concept:

• Reproduction is the biological process by which a new form of life is produced from pre-existing similar life.
• Reproduction helps in the continuation of the species.
• There are two main modes of reproduction - Asexual and Sexual Reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction:
  • Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes.
  • The progeny formed through asexual reproduction are genetically identical to their parents.
  • Fragmentation, budding, binary fission, gemmule formation, etc. are some of the methods of asexual reproduction.
  • Hydra, yeast, and sea star all reproduce asexually.
• Sexual reproduction:
  • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes (haploid) to form the zygote (diploid).
  • Sexual reproduction involves two major events - Meiosis and the Fusion of gametes.
  • The progeny formed through sexual reproduction are genetically dissimilar. 
  • Mammals, amphibians, angiosperms, etc. show sexual reproduction.

Explanation:

• CLONE:
  • Clone is a term given to individuals that are morphologically and genetically similar to each other.
  • Clones arise when the offspring develops from a single parental cell.
  • Since there is just one parent involved, there is no fusion of gametes i.e. no fertilization occurs.
  • As a result, there is no crossing over or recombination of chromosomes that takes place.
  • Such type of progeny is formed through asexual reproduction.
  • In sexual reproduction, the progeny formed is not a replica of their parents.
  • During sexual reproduction, the fusion of haploid male and female gametes takes place which gives rise to a diploid zygote.
  • Meiosis is an important process that takes place during sexual reproduction.
  • During meiosis, crossing over and recombination of genes take place which results in a new combination of genes. This new combination of genes is present in the progeny.
  • Thus the progeny so formed will not be a replica of the parental cells. This is because the genetic material of progeny will be a combination of the genetic material of both parental cells.
  • Thus the offspring formed from sexual reproduction cannot be called a clone since they do not possess exact copies of parental DNA.

So from the above-given information, the correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Binary Fission is the most common method of reproduction in bacteria.
• It is a simple form of asexual reproduction in which the bacterium divides into two identical daughter cells.
• The process of Binary Fission involves DNA replication, elongation of the cell, and separation of the cell into two daughter cells.

Additional Information

• Multiple Fission is a form of asexual reproduction found in some protists, such as Plasmodium. It involves the division of a single cell into many daughter cells simultaneously.
• Budding is a form of asexual reproduction found in some organisms, such as yeast. It involves the formation of a small outgrowth or "bud" on the parent cell, which eventually grows and separates from the parent cell as a new individual.
• Conjugation is a form of sexual reproduction in bacteria in which two cells exchange genetic material through a specialized structure called a pilus. While it is not the most common method of reproduction in bacteria, it is an important mechanism for genetic diversity and adaptation.

Concept:

• Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which new offspring are produced by a single parent without the involvement of gametes or fertilization.
• Offspring produced by such reproduction are genetically identical copies of the parents.
• Asexual reproduction can be of the following types:
  • Binary fission
  • Budding
  • Fragmentation
  • Gemma-cup formation
  • Spore formation
  • Vegetative propagation

Important Points

• Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction of a plant wherein a new plant grows from stems, roots, and leaves.
• Vegetative propagation can be natural and also can be done artificially.
• The parts which participate in vegetative propagation are called vegetative propagules.
• Eichhornia and Pistia are aquatic plants that propagate by offsets.
• Offset is a type of sub-aerial modification of stem formed due to mitotic division.
• It is formed by a lateral branch with a short internode and each node containing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots.

Additional InformationSome Other Vegetative propagules - 

• Runner - Grass
• Rhizome - Ginger
• Bulbil - Agave
• Leaf Bud - Bryophyllum

The correct answer is Binary fission.

Key Points

• Amoeba reproduces asexually through binary fission.
• Binary Fission -
  • The division of a cell into two parts to form two new cells is called binary fission.
  • Asexual reproduction is found in amoeba and yeast.

Additional Information

• ​Budding -
  • ​In the cells of the outer surface of the body of an organism, a protrusion is formed by mitosis, which is called a bud.
  • The method of asexual reproduction by bud formation is called budding.
  • The bud develops into a complete organism.
• Spore formation -
  • ​This process takes place in plants.
  • In spore formation, the parent plant produces hundreds of reproductive units called 'spores' in its spore case.
  • When this spore sac of plants bursts, these spores are scattered on the wind, ground, food, or soil.
  • This is where they grow and give birth to new plants.
• Multiple fission -
  • ​When a cell gives rise to many daughter cells, the process is called multiple fission.

The correct answer is iv only

Concept:

• Reproduction is the biological process by which a new form of life is produced from pre-existing similar life.
• Reproduction helps in the continuation of the species.
• There are two main modes of reproduction - Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
• Asexual reproduction:
  • Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes.
  • The progeny formed through asexual reproduction are genetically identical to their parents.
  • Fragmentation, budding, binary fission, gemmule formation, etc. are some of the methods of asexual reproduction.
  • Spirogyra, Paramoecium, and Amoeba all reproduce asexually.
• Sexual reproduction:
  • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes (haploid) to form the zygote (diploid).
  • Sexual reproduction involves two major events - Meiosis and the Fusion of gametes.
  • The progeny formed through sexual reproduction are genetically dissimilar. 
  • Humans, frogs, angiosperms, etc. show sexual reproduction.
  • In humans, the gametic cells are sperms (in males) and ova/egg (in females).
  • In angiosperms, the male gametophyte - sperm cells - are present inside the pollen grains and the female gametophyte - egg - is present inside the ovule.

Explanation:

• Statement I: Eggs of both are formed only once in a lifetime.
  • ​This statement is false.
  • In both angiosperms and in humans, the reproductive organs are active throughout the reproductive phase.
  • As a result, eggs are formed in both angiosperms and in humans (females) continuously during the reproductive phase.
  • Thus in both angiosperms and in humans, eggs are formed more than once in a lifetime.
• Statement II: Both the angiosperm egg and the human egg are stationary.
  • ​This statement is false.
  • An angiosperm egg is non-motile and hence it can be called stationary. In order for fertilization to take place, male gametophyte needs to be deposited on the stigma which is the part of the female reproductive whorl in the angiosperms. The male gametophyte is carried inside a pollen grain by the pollen tube.
  • In the case of humans, the human egg is motile. After ovulation, the ova/egg travels from the ovary to the fallopian tube where sperm if present can fertilize the egg. This movement is due to the beating action of the cilia that lines the female reproductive tract.
  • Thus the angiosperm egg is stationary but the human egg is motile and therefore not stationary.
• Statement III: Both the angiosperm egg and human egg are mobile.
  • ​This statement is false.
  • Angiosperm egg is non-motile. In order for fertilization to take place, male gametophyte needs to be deposited on the stigma which is the part of the female reproductive whorl in angiosperms. The male gametophyte is carried inside a pollen grain by the pollen tube.
  • In the case of humans, the human egg is motile. After ovulation, the ova/egg travels from the ovary to the fallopian tube where sperm if present can fertilize the egg. This movement is due to the beating action of the cilia that lines the female reproductive tract.
  • Thus the angiosperm egg is non-motile but the human egg is mobile.
• Statement IV: Syngamy in both results in the formation of a zygote.
  • This statement is true.
  • Syngamy refers to fertilization.
  • Fertilization is the process of the fusion of a haploid male gamete and a haploid female gamete to give rise to a diploid zygote.
  • Both angiosperms and humans reproduce sexually.
  • Fertilization is an important process that takes place during sexual reproduction that gives rise to a zygote.
  • Thus syngamy (fertilization) in both angiosperm egg and human egg results in the formation of a zygote.

Key Points

• Clone is a term given to individuals that are morphologically and genetically similar to each other.
• Clones arise when the offspring develops from a single parental cell.
• In such cases, there is no fusion of gametes, meaning no fertilization occurs.
• As a result, there is no crossing over or recombination of chromosomes that takes place.
• Hence, the progeny contain the exact genetic makeup of the single parent.
• Such type of progeny is formed through asexual modes of reproduction.
• Examples of asexual modes where clones may be formed:
  • Budding
  • Fission
  • Fragmentation
  • Gemmule formation
  • Vegetative propagation

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is Reptile.

Key Points

• Internal Fertilization:
  • An egg and sperm cell fusing during sexual reproduction inside the female body is known as internal fertilization.
  • Internal fertilization gives the female more reproductive control.
  • The majority of reptiles reproduce sexually and internally.
  • Males have one or two penises that allow them to transfer sperm from their cloaca to a female's cloaca.
  • The cloaca serves as the site of fertilization, and fertilized eggs exit the female's body through the cloaca's aperture.

Additional Information

• External Fertilization:
  • A male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body in a process known as external fertilization.
  • To assist the transport of sperm to the egg, external fertilization is frequently carried out in the water or in a moist environment.
  • Spawning is the process of releasing eggs and sperm into the ocean.
  • Amphibians and fish are the vertebrate species most likely to undergo external fertilization.
  • Animals like coral, sea anemones, and tube-dwelling polychaetes are examples of invertebrates that use external fertilization.
  • These organisms are typically benthic, sessile, or both. To reproduce, benthic marine plants also use external fertilization.