Political Developments MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Political Developments - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Allauddin Khilji

Key Points

• He created a new department viz Diwan-i-Mustakhraj to enquire into the revenue arrears and to collect them.
• He reorganized the spy system and prohibited it from using wine in Delhi.
• He confiscated the properties of Nobles classes and even they were not allowed to intermarry without permission.
• He was the first sultan to have permanent army-paid soldiers in cash, imported horse.

​Additional Information

• Shihabuddin Omar was the third Sultan of the Khilji Dynasty and the 13th Sultan of Delhi. 
• He ascended the throne as a minor with the death of his father Alauddin Khilji in January 1316.
• He became Sultan with the help of Malik Kafur, the Military Commander and after the assassination of Kafur, his brother Qutb-ud-din Mubarak became Sultan.​

The correct answer is Ibrahim Lodi

Key Points

• Ibrahim Lodi was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty who was defeated and killed by Babur in the Battle of Panipat in 1526.
• The Tomb Of Ibrahim Lodi is situated in Panipat in Haryana.

Additional Information

• The Lodi dynasty was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi.
  • The Lodi dynasty was an Afghan dynasty.
  • The Lodi dynasty was the last dynasty in Delhi Sultanate, ruled from 1451 to 1526.
  • Sikandar Lodi was the son of Bahlul founded Agra in 1504.
  • Ibrahim Lodi was the son of Sikandar Lodi and he was the last Lodi Sultan of Delhi.

The correct answer is Balban.

• Balban is the king of Delhi Sultanate and he established the "divine theory of kingship".

Key Points

• Balban's kingship ideology was basically based on Iranian theory that the king was ‘semi-divine and was only answerable to God. 
• He established the theory that the sultan was the shadow of the almighty Zil-i-Allah, and emphasized it by insisting people to perform Sijada and Pabos, which according to theologians were reserved alone for God.

Other Important work by Balban:-

• Kotwals were first time appointed during his reign and Thanas (military outposts) were established.
• Meos was suppressed and all the rebellions elements were badly trampled. Being acquainted with court politics and the role of Amir in that he abolished Turgan-i-Chalisa.
• The greatest contribution of Balban was to consolidate a standing army in the centre.
• He established Diwan-i-Arz. To keep the army active and vigilant he undertook frequent hunting expedition.
• He also established check posts to tackle the Mongol invasion.

Important Points

• Ghiyasuddin Balban restored the power of the Crown after his ascension to the throne in 1266 AD. 
• He believed in the Persian Court model of Kingship and that is why he took up the title of Zil-i-Ilahi. 
• It means 'Shadow of God'. 
• According to historian Barani, Balban said: “Whenever I see a base-born ignoble man, my eyes burn and I reach in anger for my sword to kill him.”
• In order to prove his claim to noble blood, Balban stood forth as the champion of the Turkish nobility.
• He refused to entertain important government posts to anyone who did not belong to a noble family.
• This virtually meant the exclusion of Indian Muslims from all positions of power and authority.

The correct answer is Tughlaq dynasty.

Key Points

• The Tughlaq dynasty ruled Delhi immediately after the Khilji dynasty.
• The Tughlaq dynasty took over from the Khaljis in 1320, becoming the third dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq or Ghazi Malik was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty.
• The Tugluq dynasty emerged in 1320 and ended in 1413 and was ruled by many rulers like Ghazi Malik, Muhammad-bin-Tughluq, etc.
• Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq or Ghazi Malik (1320 – 1325 A.D.
• Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq (1325-1361A.D.)
• Firoz Tughlaq (1351-1 388 A.D.)
• There are various reasons why Tughlaq fall like the successors of Firoz was not very strong or competent, By the end of the 14th century, most of the territories became independent, and only Punjab and Delhi remained under the Tughlaqs and Timur’s invasion took place during the Tughlug period.

Additional Information

​Rajput dynasty

• Rajputs belonged to the early medieval period.
• The Rajput Period (647A.D- 1200 A.D.)
• From the death of Harsha to the 12th century, the destiny of India was mostly in the hands of various Rajput dynasties.

 Sayyid dynasty and Lodi dynasty

• Sayyid Dynasty was founded by Khizr Khan in 1414 A.D, and the rule of this dynasty ended when Ala-ud-din Shah was the ruler.
• Lodi Dynasty began from 1451 A.D.
• Bahlul Lodi was the founder of Lodi Dynasty.
• Sultanate Period ended with Lodi Dynasty.

The site of Somnath has been a pilgrimage site from ancient times on account of being a Triveni Sangam (the confluence of three rivers: Kapila, Hiran, and the mythical Saraswati). Soma, the Moon-god, is believed to have lost his luster due to a curse, and he bathed in the Sarasvati River at this site to regain it.

Key Points

• In 1024, during the reign of Bhimdev, the prominent Turkic Muslim ruler Mahmud of Ghazni raided Gujarat, plundering the Somnath temple and breaking its jyotirlinga.
• He took away a booty of 20 million dinars. 
• Historians expect the damage to the temple by Mahmud to have been minimal because there are records of pilgrimages to the temple in 1038, which make no mention of any damage to the temple. 
• However, powerful legends with intricate detail developed in the Turko-Persian literature regarding Mahmud's raid, which "electrified" the Muslim world.
• They later boasted that Mahmud had killed 50,000 devotees who tried to defend the temple, a formulaic figure.
• The temple at the time of Mahmud's attack appears to have been a wooden structure, which is said to have decayed in time.
• Kumarapala (r. 1143–72) rebuilt it in "excellent stone and studded it with jewels," according to an inscription in 1169.
• During its 1299 invasion of Gujarat, Alauddin Khalji's army, led by Ulugh Khan, defeated the Vaghela king Karna and sacked the Somnath temple

​Hence, the correct answer is Bhimdev.

The correct answer is 1240.

Key Points

• Razia Sultan (1236 AD-1240 AD):
  • She belonged to the Slave Dynasty.
  • She was the first and last Muslim woman ruler of Medieval India.
  • She appointed Jamaluddin Yakoot as the highest officer of cavalry.
  • She abandoned Pardah and appeared before the public in male dress.
  • She saved the empire from Mongol invasion.
  • She died in the year 1240 AD.​

Additional Information

• Delhi Sultanate (1206 AD-1526 AD)
  • The First Muslim invasion was done by Mohammad Bin Qasim (712 AD).
  • The First Turkish Invasion was done by Mahmud Ghaznavi (998 AD-1030 AD):
    • In 1025, he attacked and raided the most celebrated Hindu temple of Somnath.
  • Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate:
    • The Slave dynasty (1206–1290)
    • The Khalji dynasty (1290–1320)
    • The Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414)
    • The Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)
    • Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)

The correct answer is Diwan-i-insha.

Key Points

• Diwan-i-Insha was the department of correspondence.
• Delhi Sultanate's administration was segregated into various parts – Central, Provincial, Judicial, Local, etc.
• There were many departments and officials who helped the Sultan in administration. 

Important Points

• Administration under the Sultanate:
• It was also influenced by the Iranian system of administration.
• The situation in India and Indian traditions was kept in mind during these systems.
• Organs of the Government:
  • Diwan-i-Wizarat: Department of revenue and finance headed by the Wazir.
  • Diwan-i-Arz: Department of Military headed by Ariz-i-Mamalik.
  • Diwan-i-Insha: Department of royal correspondence headed by Dabir-i-lnsha.
  • Diwan-i-Risalat: Department of foreign affairs 
  • Diwan-i-bandagan: ​Diwan-i-bandagan (department of slaves).
  • Diwan-i-Khairat: (charity department) was created by Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
  • Diwan-i-mustakhraj: Diwan-i-mustakhraj (to realize arrears) was created by Alauddin Khiiji.
  • Diwan- i-kohi: Diwan- i-kohi (department of agriculture) was created by Muhammad bin Tughluq.

The correct answer is Akbar.

• Buland Darwaza was built by Akbar.

Important Points

• Buland Darwaza
  • It was built in 1575.
  • The Time taken for its construction was 12 Years.
  • It is located at Fatehpur Sikri, Agra District, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • A mixture of Hindu and Persian styles of architecture is the architectural style.​

Additional Information

• Other masterpieces of Akbar are as follows.
  • Fatehpur Sikri
  • Allahabad Fort
  • Agra Fort

The correct answer is Ibrahim Lodi.

Key Points

• Ibrahim Lodi was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty who was defeated and killed by Babur in the Battle of Panipat in 1526.
• The Tomb Of Ibrahim Lodi is situated in Panipat in Haryana.

Additional Information

• The Lodi dynasty was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi.
  • The Lodi dynasty was an Afghan dynasty.
  • The Lodi dynasty was the last dynasty in Delhi Sultanate, ruled from 1451 to 1526.
  • Sikandar Lodi was the son of Bahlul founded Agra in 1504.
  • Ibrahim Lodi was the son of Sikandar Lodi and he was the last Lodi Sultan of Delhi.

• Tughlaq Nama (Book of the Tughlaqs), was written in the year 1320 by Amir Khusrau.
• It is a historic masnavi (an extensive poem) of the reign of the Tughlaq dynasty that describes the tragedy of Deval Devi.
• Deval Devi was a Vaghela dynasty Yadava princess who was married to Khizr Khan, the eldest son of Alauddin Khilji in 1308.
• Eight years later, Khizr Khan was executed by his brother Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah(1316–20), and Deval was taken to his harem.
• In 1320, Mubarak in turn was stabbed and beheaded by Khusro khan (the last ruler of the Khalji dynasty), and his followers. Deval was then married to Khusro Khan.
• Her story, of a cultured and high-born Hindu Yadav princess being passed from hand to hand amongst a series of ambitious, power-hungry men.

• Amir Khusrau was a prolific classical poet associated with the royal courts of more than seven rulers of the Delhi Sultanate.
• He wrote many playful riddles, songs, and legends that have become a part of popular culture in South Asia. His riddles are one of the most popular forms of Hindavi poetry today.
• Amir was the one who introduced the Ghazal style of singing in the Indian subcontinent. 
• The parrot of India was the title given to Amir Khusro.
• Amir Khusro saw the rule of 7 Sultans (Balban, Muhammad, Cakubad, Jalaluddin Khilji, Alauddin Khilji, Mubarak Shah Khaliji, Gaisuddin Tughlaq)

Lodhi Dynasty

1. Founder - Bahlol Lodhi (1451-88 AD)
2. Last king - Ibrahim Lodhi (1517-26 AD)
3. The city of Agra was founded by Sikandar Lodhi (1489-1517)
4. Daulat Khan Lodhi was the governor of Punjab who invited the Babur.

Note:

The duration of other dynasties in Sultani period and their chronology:

Aurangzeb:

• Assumed the title Alamgir (or World Conqueror).
• To contain Marathas, he attacked Golconda and Bijapur.
• Though Aurangzeb defeated them it removed the only boundary between Marathas and Mughals.
• According to JN Sarkar, Deccan ulcer ruined Aurangzeb.
• Created separate departments to enforce moral codes called 'Muhtasib'.
• Prohibited drinking, cultivation and use of Bhang and drugs.
• Forbid music in Mughal court, dismissed royal astrologers and astronomers.
• The discontinued practice of Jharoka darshan.
• Discontinued celebration of Dussehra.
• Destroyed Hindu temples and banned construction of them.
• Re-imposed Jiziya and pilgrimage tax in 1679.
• Was against Sikhs and executed 9th Sikh Guru Teg Bahadur, which resulted in the transformation of Sikhs into the warring community. 

The correct answer is kharaj tax.

Key Points

• Kharaj was a tax on agricultural land under the Delhi sultanate, and its range was one-third to half of the produce.
• Kharaj is mainly imposed on non-Muslims and converts them to Islam in recently conquered territories of Islam.
• Under the law of Islam, only native Muslims or those who converted to Islam were allowed to own land.
• Thus, the non-Muslim cultivators were encouraged to adopt Islam, so that they could sustain their agricultural holdings.

Important Points

• There are different types of tax imposed during the Delhi sultanate:
  • Kharaj was a land tax that was equal to one-tenth of the produce of the land.
  • Zakat was a tax on property realized by the Muslims.
  • Kham was one-fifth of the booty captured, a tax on mines, treasure troves, and a share on war booty.
  • Jaziya: levied on the non-Muslim subjects, particularly the Hindus. Women and children were, however, exempted from the taxes.

Additional Information

• The time period of the Delhi Sultanate was from 1206-1526.
• The five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially they are as follows:
  • The Mamluk Dynasty/ Slave Dynasty (1206-1290).
  • The Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320).
  • The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414).
  • The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451).
  • The Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526).
• Illtutmish was known as the real founder of the Delhi Sultanate.

The correct answer is Shah Alam II.

• The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights to the East India Company after the defeat in the Battle of Buxar (1764).
• Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights of Bengal in the year 1765. 
• Diwani rights mean the right to collect the land revenue. 

Important Points

• Shah Alam II, (25 June 1728 – 19 November 1806) was the eighteenth Mughal Emperor and the son of Alamgir II.
• He fought the famous Battle of Buxar in 1764 along with his allies Mir Qasim and Shuja-ud Daula against the East India Company. 
  • The battle was lost by them.
• Mir Qasim, Shuja-Ud-Daula and Shah Alam-II lost the battle on October 22, 1764.
  • The treaty of Allahabad was signed by Shah Alam II in the year 1765.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Daulatabad.

Key Points

• Muhammad bin Tughlaq, in 1327, shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in the Deccan, in present-day Maharashtra.
• He thought that moving the capital to a central location will help him rule the whole Indian Sub-continent efficiently.

Additional Information

• Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351.
• He was the eldest son of Ghiyas -ud -Din -Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughluq dynasty. 
• Ibn Battuta, the famous traveller, and jurist from Morocco was a guest at his court and wrote about his empire in his book.