Mughal – Maratha relations MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Mughal – Maratha relations - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - Treaty of Duraha Sarai

Key Points

• Treaty of Duraha Sarai
  • The Treaty of Duraha Sarai was signed on 7th July 1738 between the Marathas and the Mughal Empire.
  • This treaty granted the Marathas full control over the region of Malwa.
  • It also marked a significant point where the Marathas' power was recognized, and other rising powers like the Nizam were suppressed.
  • This consolidation allowed the Marathas to focus on expanding their influence further into northern India.

Additional Information

• Treaty of Salbai
  • Signed in 1782 between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company.
  • It ended the First Anglo-Maratha War and maintained the status quo, returning territories to both parties.
• Treaty of Devgaon
  • Signed in 1803 between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire.
  • It was part of the agreements following the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
• Treaty of Badgaon
  • Signed in 1802
  • It was between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha Peshwa.
  • This treaty led to significant British intervention in Maratha affairs.

The correct answer is - Sambhaji

Key Points

• Sambhaji
  • Sambhaji was the eldest son of the Maratha ruler Shivaji and succeeded him after his death.
  • Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, perceived Sambhaji as a significant threat to his empire due to the latter's continued resistance against Mughal expansion.
  • In 1689, Aurangzeb sent Mukarrab Khan to capture Sambhaji, who was eventually captured, tortured, and executed by the Mughals.
  • Sambhaji's death was a turning point in the Maratha struggle against the Mughal Empire, galvanizing the Marathas to continue their resistance.

Additional Information

• Shivaji
  • Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha Empire and a key figure in Indian history known for his guerrilla warfare tactics and establishing a competent and progressive civil administration.
  • He was an important figure in resisting Mughal rule and had several confrontations with Aurangzeb during his lifetime.
• Shahuji
  • Shahuji was a later ruler of the Maratha Empire and is also known as Shahu Maharaj.
  • He played a significant role in the expansion and consolidation of the Maratha Empire after the death of Aurangzeb.
• Shahji Bhonsle
  • Shahji Bhonsle was the father of Shivaji and served as a military commander under the Sultanates of Bijapur and Ahmadnagar.
  • His legacy includes laying the groundwork for the rise of his son Shivaji and the establishment of the Maratha Empire.

The correct answer is Sambhaji.

Key Points

•  Mughals started conquering the Maratha Empire during the first half of 1681’s.
•  Aurangzeb began his journey towards Deccan with his forces and laid siege to fort Ramsaj.
• Maratha retaliated and attacked them for which Mughal took 7 years to take the fort.
• Samabaji attacked Janjira but failed and after getting the information of Hussain Ali Khan which was sent by Aurangzeb, he went towards him and attacked.
• Aurangzeb tried to control Deccan after making alliance with Portuguese, .
• This news angered the Samabaji and he attacked portuguese.
• Ganoji Shirke who was the brother in- law of Sambaji turned traitor and helped Muqarrab Khan which was sent by Aurangzeb to attack on Sambhaji.
• Muqarrab Khan captured Sambaji Maharaj and was brutally tortured to death.

Additional InformationShahji Bhonsle (1594- 1664): 

• He was the father of Shivaji.
• He was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanate.
• When Mughal emperor Shah Jahan started the invasion of Deccan, Raje Bhosale helped the Emperor to conquest Deccan.  

Shivaji​ (1630 - 1680):

• He was born in the hill fort of Shivneri, Junnar, now in Pune.
• Shahaji Bhonsle was his father and his mother was Jijabai.
• Ramdas was the religious guru of Shivaji.
• The Council of Eight Ministers, or Ashta Pradhan Mandal, was an administrative and advisory council set up by Shivaji.
• “Chauth” and “Sardeshmukhi” were two important taxes collected during his reign.

Shahu:

• Chhatrapati Shahu Bhosale I was the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire founded by his grandfather, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
• Born into the Bhonsle family, he was the son of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, Shivaji's eldest son and successor.

Kunabi or Kunbi is a Peasant caste that includes castes like Dhonoje, Ghatole, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa. During the agrarian crisis in the Mughal empire, the sects that threw the toughest protests were Jats, Marathis, and Sikhs.

Important Points

 Kunabis are a separate caste. 

• Marathi Kunabis is a Marathi-speaking lower peasant caste. Marathas on the other hand are Marathi-speaking warlords.
• The Kunabis were appointed in the armies of these Marathas.

Therefore, the answer is Marathi Peasant Militant. 

Additional Information

• Mughal Army Commanders were part of the army. Each had designated Zat ranks that defined their position as Mansabdars. 
• Sikh Peasants and Jat peasants had a common problem, the Agrarian Crisis. Sikhs also had conflict against Aurangzeb in particular in terms of how he executed their religious leader- Guru Teg Bahadur. 

• The Treaty of Purandar was signed between Mughals and Marathas.
• The treaty was signed on 11th June 1665.
• It was signed between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Raja Jai Singh.
• Raja Jai Singh was signed on behalf of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

The main highlights of the Purandar treaty are:

• Many forts were relinquished to the Mughals
• Agreed that Shivaji would meet Aurangzeb at Agra.
• Shivaji agreed to send his son Sambhaji as well.
• Shivaji was required to help the Mughals in any situation.

Key Points

Treaty of Purandar - [March 1, 1776] 

• In 1772, the Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao died and he was succeeded by his brother Narayanrao as the Peshwa.
• But Narayanrao’s uncle Raghunathrao wanted to usurp power and got his nephew assassinated. Meanwhile, Narayanrao’s wife delivered a posthumous son who was the legitimate heir. So, 12 Maratha chiefs led by Nana Phadnavis wanted to crown the baby boy Peshwa and rule as regents in his name.
• Reluctant to give up control, Raghunath Rao sought the help of the British stationed at Bombay and agreed with them called the Treaty of Surat.
  • According to the treaty, the British got Salsette and Bassein (Vasai) and also part revenues from Baruch and Surat.
  • In return, Raghunath Rao got 2500 soldiers.
• However, the Calcutta Council of the East India Company annulled the Surat Treaty and sent an officer, Colonel Upton to make a new agreement with Pune.
• This new treaty was the Treaty of Purandar signed by the British Calcutta Council with Nana Phadnavis representing the Peshwa.
  • This was signed on 1 March 1776.
• As per this treaty, Raghunathrao was only given a pension and was not promised any support for his claim to the Peshwa seat. But the British did retain Baruch and Salsette.
• However, the Bombay Council rejected the Purandar Treaty and offered protection to Raghunathrao.
• Again, in 1777 the French were granted a port on the western coast by Nana Phadnavis thus angering the Calcutta Council as this went against a treaty he had with them.
• They sent a force towards Pune.
  • The Battle of Wadgaon was fought in which the British forces were defeated by Mahadaji Shinde’s Maratha force.
  • After this battle, all territories acquired by the Bombay office since 1773 were given back to the Marathas.
• Further, the British authorities in London supported the Bombay Council in this matter and complicated things.
• Peace was restored only in 1782 when the Treaty of Salbai was signed.

Kunabi or Kunbi is a Peasant caste that includes castes like Dhonoje, Ghatole, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa. During the agrarian crisis in the Mughal empire, the sects that threw the toughest protests were Jats, Marathis, and Sikhs.

Important Points

 Kunabis are a separate caste. 

• Marathi Kunabis is a Marathi-speaking lower peasant caste. Marathas on the other hand are Marathi-speaking warlords.
• The Kunabis were appointed in the armies of these Marathas.

Therefore, the answer is Marathi Peasant Militant. 

Additional Information

• Mughal Army Commanders were part of the army. Each had designated Zat ranks that defined their position as Mansabdars. 
• Sikh Peasants and Jat peasants had a common problem, the Agrarian Crisis. Sikhs also had conflict against Aurangzeb in particular in terms of how he executed their religious leader- Guru Teg Bahadur. 

The correct option is both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).Key Points

• Chauth was one-fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas in order to avoid the Maratha raids. 
• It was nomi­nally levied at 25% on revenue or produce.
• Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of ten per cent on those lands on which the Marathas claimed hereditary rights.  This was an additional levy of 10%.  
• 'Sardeshmukhi' in the Maratha regime was a tax levied on revenue.
• The Maratha kingdom was another powerful regional kingdom to arise out of sustained opposition to the Mughal rule.
• Peshwas were the loyal ministers of the Marathas state who were appointed to assist the king in different administrative as well as political affairs.
• Chauth and sardeshmukhi were not taxation innovations by Maratha.
• The Peshwas imposed their writ over the sardars, made over conquered territories to their own nominees and relentlessly extended the circle of areas on which Chauth and sardeshmukhi were imposed.
• Marathas were granted the right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi by the Mughals in exchange for a promise to not raid adjoining Mughal territories.
• Chauth and sardeshmukhi were the taxes collected not in the Maratha kingdom but in the neighbouring territories of the Mughal Empire or Deccan Sultanates.

• The Peshwas combined professed loyalties to two sovereigns, the Chhatrapati and the Mughal Emperor, and actual autonomy from both.

Hence, both the statement are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).Additional Information

• Baji Rao ruled from 1720 to 1740.
• He was a bold and brilliant commander and was considered the greatest exponent of guerilla tactics after Shivaji.
• Maratha's power reached its zenith under him.
• Under his leadership, the Marathas compelled the Mughals first to give them the right to collect Chauth of the vast areas and then to cede those areas to the Maratha Kingdom.
• He conquered Salsette and Bassin from the Portuguese in 1733.
• He also defeated the Nizam-ul-Mulk near Bhopal and concluded the treaty of Durai Sarai, via which he got Malwa and Bundelkhand (1737).

• The Treaty of Purandar was signed between Mughals and Marathas.
• The treaty was signed on 11th June 1665.
• It was signed between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Raja Jai Singh.
• Raja Jai Singh was signed on behalf of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

The main highlights of the Purandar treaty are:

• Many forts were relinquished to the Mughals
• Agreed that Shivaji would meet Aurangzeb at Agra.
• Shivaji agreed to send his son Sambhaji as well.
• Shivaji was required to help the Mughals in any situation.

Key Points

Treaty of Purandar - [March 1, 1776] 

• In 1772, the Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao died and he was succeeded by his brother Narayanrao as the Peshwa.
• But Narayanrao’s uncle Raghunathrao wanted to usurp power and got his nephew assassinated. Meanwhile, Narayanrao’s wife delivered a posthumous son who was the legitimate heir. So, 12 Maratha chiefs led by Nana Phadnavis wanted to crown the baby boy Peshwa and rule as regents in his name.
• Reluctant to give up control, Raghunath Rao sought the help of the British stationed at Bombay and agreed with them called the Treaty of Surat.
  • According to the treaty, the British got Salsette and Bassein (Vasai) and also part revenues from Baruch and Surat.
  • In return, Raghunath Rao got 2500 soldiers.
• However, the Calcutta Council of the East India Company annulled the Surat Treaty and sent an officer, Colonel Upton to make a new agreement with Pune.
• This new treaty was the Treaty of Purandar signed by the British Calcutta Council with Nana Phadnavis representing the Peshwa.
  • This was signed on 1 March 1776.
• As per this treaty, Raghunathrao was only given a pension and was not promised any support for his claim to the Peshwa seat. But the British did retain Baruch and Salsette.
• However, the Bombay Council rejected the Purandar Treaty and offered protection to Raghunathrao.
• Again, in 1777 the French were granted a port on the western coast by Nana Phadnavis thus angering the Calcutta Council as this went against a treaty he had with them.
• They sent a force towards Pune.
  • The Battle of Wadgaon was fought in which the British forces were defeated by Mahadaji Shinde’s Maratha force.
  • After this battle, all territories acquired by the Bombay office since 1773 were given back to the Marathas.
• Further, the British authorities in London supported the Bombay Council in this matter and complicated things.
• Peace was restored only in 1782 when the Treaty of Salbai was signed.

Kunabi or Kunbi is a Peasant caste that includes castes like Dhonoje, Ghatole, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa. During the agrarian crisis in the Mughal empire, the sects that threw the toughest protests were Jats, Marathis, and Sikhs.

Important Points

 Kunabis are a separate caste. 

• Marathi Kunabis is a Marathi-speaking lower peasant caste. Marathas on the other hand are Marathi-speaking warlords.
• The Kunabis were appointed in the armies of these Marathas.

Therefore, the answer is Marathi Peasant Militant. 

Additional Information

• Mughal Army Commanders were part of the army. Each had designated Zat ranks that defined their position as Mansabdars. 
• Sikh Peasants and Jat peasants had a common problem, the Agrarian Crisis. Sikhs also had conflict against Aurangzeb in particular in terms of how he executed their religious leader- Guru Teg Bahadur. 

The correct answer is Sambhaji.

Key Points

•  Mughals started conquering the Maratha Empire during the first half of 1681’s.
•  Aurangzeb began his journey towards Deccan with his forces and laid siege to fort Ramsaj.
• Maratha retaliated and attacked them for which Mughal took 7 years to take the fort.
• Samabaji attacked Janjira but failed and after getting the information of Hussain Ali Khan which was sent by Aurangzeb, he went towards him and attacked.
• Aurangzeb tried to control Deccan after making alliance with Portuguese, .
• This news angered the Samabaji and he attacked portuguese.
• Ganoji Shirke who was the brother in- law of Sambaji turned traitor and helped Muqarrab Khan which was sent by Aurangzeb to attack on Sambhaji.
• Muqarrab Khan captured Sambaji Maharaj and was brutally tortured to death.

Additional InformationShahji Bhonsle (1594- 1664): 

• He was the father of Shivaji.
• He was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanate.
• When Mughal emperor Shah Jahan started the invasion of Deccan, Raje Bhosale helped the Emperor to conquest Deccan.  

Shivaji​ (1630 - 1680):

• He was born in the hill fort of Shivneri, Junnar, now in Pune.
• Shahaji Bhonsle was his father and his mother was Jijabai.
• Ramdas was the religious guru of Shivaji.
• The Council of Eight Ministers, or Ashta Pradhan Mandal, was an administrative and advisory council set up by Shivaji.
• “Chauth” and “Sardeshmukhi” were two important taxes collected during his reign.

Shahu:

• Chhatrapati Shahu Bhosale I was the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire founded by his grandfather, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
• Born into the Bhonsle family, he was the son of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, Shivaji's eldest son and successor.

The correct answer is - Sambhaji

Key Points

• Sambhaji
  • Sambhaji was the eldest son of the Maratha ruler Shivaji and succeeded him after his death.
  • Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, perceived Sambhaji as a significant threat to his empire due to the latter's continued resistance against Mughal expansion.
  • In 1689, Aurangzeb sent Mukarrab Khan to capture Sambhaji, who was eventually captured, tortured, and executed by the Mughals.
  • Sambhaji's death was a turning point in the Maratha struggle against the Mughal Empire, galvanizing the Marathas to continue their resistance.

Additional Information

• Shivaji
  • Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha Empire and a key figure in Indian history known for his guerrilla warfare tactics and establishing a competent and progressive civil administration.
  • He was an important figure in resisting Mughal rule and had several confrontations with Aurangzeb during his lifetime.
• Shahuji
  • Shahuji was a later ruler of the Maratha Empire and is also known as Shahu Maharaj.
  • He played a significant role in the expansion and consolidation of the Maratha Empire after the death of Aurangzeb.
• Shahji Bhonsle
  • Shahji Bhonsle was the father of Shivaji and served as a military commander under the Sultanates of Bijapur and Ahmadnagar.
  • His legacy includes laying the groundwork for the rise of his son Shivaji and the establishment of the Maratha Empire.

The correct option is both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).Key Points

• Chauth was one-fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas in order to avoid the Maratha raids. 
• It was nomi­nally levied at 25% on revenue or produce.
• Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of ten per cent on those lands on which the Marathas claimed hereditary rights.  This was an additional levy of 10%.  
• 'Sardeshmukhi' in the Maratha regime was a tax levied on revenue.
• The Maratha kingdom was another powerful regional kingdom to arise out of sustained opposition to the Mughal rule.
• Peshwas were the loyal ministers of the Marathas state who were appointed to assist the king in different administrative as well as political affairs.
• Chauth and sardeshmukhi were not taxation innovations by Maratha.
• The Peshwas imposed their writ over the sardars, made over conquered territories to their own nominees and relentlessly extended the circle of areas on which Chauth and sardeshmukhi were imposed.
• Marathas were granted the right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi by the Mughals in exchange for a promise to not raid adjoining Mughal territories.
• Chauth and sardeshmukhi were the taxes collected not in the Maratha kingdom but in the neighbouring territories of the Mughal Empire or Deccan Sultanates.

• The Peshwas combined professed loyalties to two sovereigns, the Chhatrapati and the Mughal Emperor, and actual autonomy from both.

Hence, both the statement are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).Additional Information

• Baji Rao ruled from 1720 to 1740.
• He was a bold and brilliant commander and was considered the greatest exponent of guerilla tactics after Shivaji.
• Maratha's power reached its zenith under him.
• Under his leadership, the Marathas compelled the Mughals first to give them the right to collect Chauth of the vast areas and then to cede those areas to the Maratha Kingdom.
• He conquered Salsette and Bassin from the Portuguese in 1733.
• He also defeated the Nizam-ul-Mulk near Bhopal and concluded the treaty of Durai Sarai, via which he got Malwa and Bundelkhand (1737).

The correct answer is - Treaty of Duraha Sarai

Key Points

• Treaty of Duraha Sarai
  • The Treaty of Duraha Sarai was signed on 7th July 1738 between the Marathas and the Mughal Empire.
  • This treaty granted the Marathas full control over the region of Malwa.
  • It also marked a significant point where the Marathas' power was recognized, and other rising powers like the Nizam were suppressed.
  • This consolidation allowed the Marathas to focus on expanding their influence further into northern India.

Additional Information

• Treaty of Salbai
  • Signed in 1782 between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company.
  • It ended the First Anglo-Maratha War and maintained the status quo, returning territories to both parties.
• Treaty of Devgaon
  • Signed in 1803 between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire.
  • It was part of the agreements following the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
• Treaty of Badgaon
  • Signed in 1802
  • It was between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha Peshwa.
  • This treaty led to significant British intervention in Maratha affairs.

• The Treaty of Purandar was signed between Mughals and Marathas.
• The treaty was signed on 11th June 1665.
• It was signed between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Raja Jai Singh.
• Raja Jai Singh was signed on behalf of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

The main highlights of the Purandar treaty are:

• Many forts were relinquished to the Mughals
• Agreed that Shivaji would meet Aurangzeb at Agra.
• Shivaji agreed to send his son Sambhaji as well.
• Shivaji was required to help the Mughals in any situation.

Key Points

Treaty of Purandar - [March 1, 1776] 

• In 1772, the Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao died and he was succeeded by his brother Narayanrao as the Peshwa.
• But Narayanrao’s uncle Raghunathrao wanted to usurp power and got his nephew assassinated. Meanwhile, Narayanrao’s wife delivered a posthumous son who was the legitimate heir. So, 12 Maratha chiefs led by Nana Phadnavis wanted to crown the baby boy Peshwa and rule as regents in his name.
• Reluctant to give up control, Raghunath Rao sought the help of the British stationed at Bombay and agreed with them called the Treaty of Surat.
  • According to the treaty, the British got Salsette and Bassein (Vasai) and also part revenues from Baruch and Surat.
  • In return, Raghunath Rao got 2500 soldiers.
• However, the Calcutta Council of the East India Company annulled the Surat Treaty and sent an officer, Colonel Upton to make a new agreement with Pune.
• This new treaty was the Treaty of Purandar signed by the British Calcutta Council with Nana Phadnavis representing the Peshwa.
  • This was signed on 1 March 1776.
• As per this treaty, Raghunathrao was only given a pension and was not promised any support for his claim to the Peshwa seat. But the British did retain Baruch and Salsette.
• However, the Bombay Council rejected the Purandar Treaty and offered protection to Raghunathrao.
• Again, in 1777 the French were granted a port on the western coast by Nana Phadnavis thus angering the Calcutta Council as this went against a treaty he had with them.
• They sent a force towards Pune.
  • The Battle of Wadgaon was fought in which the British forces were defeated by Mahadaji Shinde’s Maratha force.
  • After this battle, all territories acquired by the Bombay office since 1773 were given back to the Marathas.
• Further, the British authorities in London supported the Bombay Council in this matter and complicated things.
• Peace was restored only in 1782 when the Treaty of Salbai was signed.

Kunabi or Kunbi is a Peasant caste that includes castes like Dhonoje, Ghatole, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa. During the agrarian crisis in the Mughal empire, the sects that threw the toughest protests were Jats, Marathis, and Sikhs.

Important Points

 Kunabis are a separate caste. 

• Marathi Kunabis is a Marathi-speaking lower peasant caste. Marathas on the other hand are Marathi-speaking warlords.
• The Kunabis were appointed in the armies of these Marathas.

Therefore, the answer is Marathi Peasant Militant. 

Additional Information

• Mughal Army Commanders were part of the army. Each had designated Zat ranks that defined their position as Mansabdars. 
• Sikh Peasants and Jat peasants had a common problem, the Agrarian Crisis. Sikhs also had conflict against Aurangzeb in particular in terms of how he executed their religious leader- Guru Teg Bahadur.