Geography (World Geography) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography (World Geography) - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Banasura.

• Chail, Ranikhet, and Nainital are the important hill resorts of Lesser Himalayas or the Himachal whereas Banasura is an Eco Nature Resort in Wayanad Kerala.
•  The hill stations are used as a place of refuge to escape the blistering heat in India during summers as well as they are high-altitude towns for recreation & enjoyment.
• Chail is a hill station in Himachal Pradesh situated at an altitude of 2,250 m which is surrounded by the forests of Chir, pine and gigantic deodars.
• Ranikhet is a hill station in Uttarakhand which is situated at an altitude of 1,869 metres (6,132 ft) above sea level and within sight of the western peaks of the Himalayas.
• Nainital is a hill station in the Indian state of Uttarakhand which is a Himalayan resort town in the Kumaon region at an elevation of roughly 2,000m where Uttarakhand's highest peak, Nanda Devi is situated.

The Earth is divided into three main layers. The dense, hot inner core, the molten outer core, the mantle, and the thin crust, which supports all life in the known universe.

Interior of the earth:

• Earth's interior is generally divided into three major layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core.
• The hard, brittle crust extends from Earth's surface to the so-called Mohorovicic discontinuity, nicknamed the Moho.
• The Moho is not located at a uniform depth, but about 10 kilometers (6 miles) below the seafloor and about 35 kilometers (22 miles) beneath the surface of continents.
• Beneath the Moho is the mantle, the viscous layer that makes up more than half of Earth's volume.
• The mantle is divided from the core by the Gutenberg discontinuity, about 2,880 kilometers (1,798 miles) beneath Earth's surface.
• The outer core is molten and liquid iron and nickel, while the inner core is solid and much denser than either iron or nickel at the surface.
• The crust forms only 1 percent of the volume of the earth, 84 percent consists of the mantle and 15 percent makes the core

Hence, the correct sequence of the layers of the earth by their volume in decreasing manner is Mantle → Core → Crust

The plate tectonic mechanism:

• The motion of tectonic plates is driven by convection in the mantle.
• In simple terms, convection is the idea that dense, cold things sink, and buoyant, warm things rise.
• In the earth the cold sinking things are slabs (subducting plates) and the warm things are plumes, or just rising material from deeper in the mantle.

The forces that drive Plate Tectonics include:

There are three main forces that determine the rate at which tectonic plates move as part of the mantle convection system:

• Slab pull: the force due to the weight of the cold, dense sinking tectonic plate
• Ridge push: the force due to the buoyancy of the hot mantle rising to the surface beneath the ridge.
• Viscous drag: the force opposing motion of the plate and slab past the viscous mantle underneath or on the side.

The convective curent mechanism:

• Convection Current Theory is the soul of Seafloor Spreading Theory.
• Arthur Holmes in 1930s discussed the possibility of convection currents in the mantle.
• These currents are generated due to radioactive elements causing thermal differences in the mantle.
• The movement of the lithospheric plates is caused by the movement of the magma in the mantle.

The Earth is divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.

Interior of the Earth:

Crust:

• The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust.
• It is the thinnest of all the layers.
• On the continental masses, It is about 35 km and on the ocean floors, only 5 km.
• The crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth and it amounts to less than 1% of our planet's volume.
• The earth is made up of several concentric layers with one inside another, just like an onion.
• The crust is the outermost layer of Earth and is made up of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. 
• The Earth's crust is unstable because of the exogenic forces.

Mantle:

• The Mantle extends up to a depth of 2900 km below the crust.
• It is the widest section of the Earth.
• The uppermost part of the mantle is known as the asthenosphere.

Core:

• The innermost layer is the core with a radius of about 3500 km.
• The central core has a very high temperature and pressure.
• The inner core (1200 km) is in the solid state whereas the outer core (2300 km) is in the liquid state.
• The innermost layer is the core with a radius of about 3500 km and divided into Inner and Outer cores.

Hence, the correct order of the layer of the earth is outward from the center is Inner core > outer core > lower Mantle > Asthenosphere > Crust

Discontinuity:

• All those layers are separated from each other through a transition zone.
• These transition zones are called discontinuities.
• Conrad Discontinuity: It lies between the Upper crust and Lower crust.
• Mohorovicic Discontinuity: It lies between crust and mantle.
• Repiti Discontinuity: It lies between the Upper mantle and Lower mantle.
• Gutenberg Discontinuity: It lies between core and mantle.
• Lehman Discontinuity: It lies between the upper core and lower core.​

The Earth is divided into three main layers. The dense, hot inner core (yellow), the molten outer core (orange), the mantle (red), and the thin crust (brown), which supports all life in the known universe. Click through this gallery to learn more about the mantle and the rest of Earth's interior.

Key Points

Source of volcanic material from Mantle:

• Geologists have long believed that solidified volcanic lava, or basalt, originates in the mantle, the molten rock just below the crust. 
• The mantle is the most solid bulk of Earth's interior.
• The mantle lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust.
• The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth’s total volume.
• The upper mantle extends from the crust to a depth of about 410 kilometers (255 miles).
• The upper mantle is mostly solid, but its more malleable regions contribute to tectonic activity.
• Two parts of the upper mantle are often recognized as distinct regions in Earth’s interior: the lithosphere and the asthenosphere.
• The asthenosphere is the denser, weaker layer beneath the lithospheric mantle.
• It lies between about 100 kilometers (62 miles) and 410 kilometers (255 miles) beneath Earth’s surface.
• The temperature and pressure of the asthenosphere are so high that rocks soften and partly melt, becoming semi-molten.
• The lava that erupts from volcanic fissures is actually the asthenosphere itself, melted into magma.

Hence, the volcanic material has its origin in the mantle.

The correct answer is ​France and Germany.

Key Points

• Maginot Line is a Defensive line in France.
• It was constructed in 1930.
• The Maginot Line was an extremely well-developed chain of fortifications for defence against the German attack during the first world war.

Additional Information

The correct answer is The US.

• The Grand Canyon is an example of a valley that is an erosional landform.
  • Erosion - It is the geological process in which earthen materials such as soil or rock are removed and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.
    • Valleys start as small and narrow rills.
    • The rills will gradually develop into long and wide Gullies.
      • A rill means a small stream.

​

• The gullies will further deepen, widen, and lengthen to give rise to valleys.
  • Gully - A small passage formed due to stream.

• Depending upon dimensions and shape, many types of valleys like V-shaped valleys, gorge, canyon, etc. can be recognised.
  • V-shaped valley 

• A canyon is characterised by steep steplike side slopes.
• A canyon is wider at its top than at its bottom. In fact, a canyon is a variant of a gorge.
• Valley types depend upon the type and structure of rocks in which they form.
  • Example - canyons commonly form in horizontal bedded sedimentary rocks and gorges form in hard rocks.
• The Grand Canyon :

• Gorge - A narrow valley with steep sides and a river running through it.

The correct answer is Majuli island.

Important Points

• The Guinness Book of World Records has named Majuli as the world's largest river island.
• The beautiful river island is located on the River Brahmaputra in Assam.
• It is formed by the Brahmaputra River in the South, and Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north.
• The island is populated by the Mising, Deori, and Sonowal Kachri tribes. 
• The people of the island speak the languages of Mising, Assamese, and Deori.
• It is home to about 1,60,000 individuals and is a hub of neo-Vaishnavite Assamese culture. 
• It covers about 880 sq km of land and is one of Assam's popular tourist destinations.
• Majuli suffers from heavy erosion due to the regular flooding of the Brahmaputra river.
• It is estimated that it has lost approximately one-third of its territory in the last 30-40 years due to erosion.  
• It was recently declared a district and was previously a subdivision under the district of Jorhat. 
• It has also been included in the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

Majuli island

The correct answer is Thermosphere.

Key Points

The atmosphere consists of different layers with varying densities and temperatures. The column of the atmosphere is divided into five different layers depending upon the temperature condition.
They are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

• The troposphere
  • It is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere in which all tropical changes take place. It contains about 75% of the total air in the atmosphere.
  • This layer contains dust particles and water vapor.
  • All changes in climate and weather take place in this layer.
  • This is the most important layer for all biological activity.
  • The zone separating the troposphere from the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.
  • The temperature here is nearly constant, and hence, it is called tropopause.
• The stratosphere
  • It is found above the tropopause and extends up to a height of 50 km.
  • One important feature of the stratosphere is that it contains the ozone layer.
  • This layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation and shields life on the earth from an intense, harmful form of energy.
  • The stratopause caps the top of the stratosphere.
• The mesosphere
  • It lies above the stratosphere, which extends up to a height of 80 km.
  • In this layer, once again, the temperature starts decreasing with the increase in altitude and reaches up to minus 100°C at a height of 80 km.
  • The upper limit of the mesosphere is known as mesopause.
• The thermosphere 
  • It is located between 80 and 400 km above the mesopause.
  • It contains electrically charged particles known as ions, and hence, it is also known as the ionosphere.
  • Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.
  • It contains Ions and helps in wireless communication
• The temperature here starts increasing with height.
• The exosphere
  • It is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.
  • This is the highest layer but very little is known about it.
  • Whatever contents are there, these are extremely rarefied in this layer, and it gradually merges with outer space.

​

The correct answer is outer core.

Important Points

• The interior of the earth is divided into three parts namely Crust, Mantle, and Core.
• The core is the innermost layer of the earth.
• The radius of the innermost layer(core) is about 3500 km.
• The core is made up of material constituted by nickel and iron.
• The temperature and pressure of the central core are very high.

Key Points

• The core is further subdivided into two layers called the outer core and inner core.
• The outer core of the earth is in a liquid state.
• The inner core is in solid-state
• The outer core is responsible for the earth's magnetic field.

Additional Information

• The crust is the outermost of the earth.
  • It is brittle in nature.
  • it the thinnest layer of Earth.
  • The thickness of the crust varies under the oceanic and continental areas.
• The mantle is the second layer in the interior of the earth.
  • The mantle extends from Moho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km.
  • The upper portion of the mantle is called the asthenosphere.

The correct answer is thermosphere.

Key Points

• The thermosphere lies above the mesopause and is a region in which temperatures increase with height.
• Thermosphere:
  • In the thermosphere, the temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height.
  • The ionosphere is a part of this layer.
  • It extends between 80-400 km. This layer helps in radio transmission.

Additional Information

• There are a total of five atmospheric layers. These are -
  • Troposphere.
  • Stratosphere.
  • Mesosphere.
  • Thermosphere.
  • Ionosphere: the lowest part of the Thermosphere contains the ionosphere.
  • Exosphere.
• Stratosphere:
  • It lies beyond the troposphere, up to an altitude of 50 km from the earth's surface.
  • The temperature in this layer remains constant for some distance but then rises to reach a level of 0°C at 50 km altitude.
  • This rise is due to the presence of ozone.
  • This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomena, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes.
• Exosphere:
  • This is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere extending beyond the ionosphere above a height of about 400 km.
  • The air is extremely rarefied and the temperature gradually increases through the layer.
  • Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into space from here.
• Troposphere:
  • It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
  • The layer starts at Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 km high (5 to 9 miles).
  • The troposphere contains dust particles and water vapour.
  • This is the most important layer of the atmosphere because all kinds of weather changes take place only in this layer.
  • The zone dividing troposphere from the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.

The correct answer is Gibraltar.

Key Points

• Strait of Gibraltar
  • The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain on the European continent from Morocco on the African continent.

​

• Hence option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Sunda Strait
  • Sunda Strait, Indonesian Selat Sunda, is a channel, 16–70 miles (26–110 km) wide, between the islands of Java (east) and Sumatra.
  • The Sunda Strait is an important passage connecting the Indian Ocean with eastern Asia.

• Taiwan Strait
  • The Taiwan Strait, also known as the Formosa Strait, is a 180-kilometre-wide strait separating the island of Taiwan and continental Asia.
  • The strait is currently part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north.
  • The narrowest part is 130 km wide.

• Tsushima Strait
  • Tsushima Strait or Eastern Channel is a channel of the Korea Strait, which lies between Korea and Japan, connecting the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, and the East China Sea.

The correct answer is ​Mars and Jupiter.

Key Points

• Asteroids
  • Apart from the  planets, and satellites, numerous tiny bodies also move around the sun. These bodies are called asteroids.
  • They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
  • Scientists are of the view that asteroids are parts of a planet that exploded many years back.
  • Asteroid Belt is a circumstellar disc in the Solar System.
  • Asteroid Belt is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets.
  • Four largest asteroids
    • Ceres
    • Vesta
    • Pallas
    • Hygiea
  • Ceres, the asteroid belt's only dwarf planet.
  • Asteroids orbit the Sun and are small bodies on the solar system.
  • They are made up of metals and rocks and also consist of organic compounds.
  • They are similar to comets but don’t have a coma-like comet. 
  • Asteroids tend to have shorter and elliptical orbits.
  • Astronomers have discovered millions of asteroids some that measure hundreds of kilometers across and some as small as dust particles.
  • Asteroids have an elliptical orbit.
  • It is made of metals and rocks.
  • Do not produce a coma or tail atmosphere.
  • The orbital period is 1 to 100 years.

The correct answer is 9.

Important Points

• India has a coastline of 11098.81 km.
• ​In India, Nine States have a coastline.
• The states are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal.
• Four Union Territories also have a coastline.
  • Daman & Diu.
  • Puducherry.
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Bay of Bengal)
  • Lakshadweep Islands (Arabian Sea)​ 
• Gujarat has the longest coastline in India and this coastline is surrounded by the Arabian Sea.
• Sagarmala project of GOI is a strategic and customer-oriented initiative to modernize India’s Ports and coastlines to contribute to India’s growth.

The correct answer is Venus.

• Venus is made up of thick white and yellowish clouds of sulfuric acid.

Key Points

• Venus:
  • The planet is nearest to the Earth and is also the brightest planet.
  • Venus is known as the “Evening Star” as well as “Morning Star”.
  • Known as the “Veiled Planet”.
  • Also known as the “Earth’s twin”. It also rotates clockwise like Uranus.
  • Venus is the hottest planet (even hotter than Mercury).
  • Venus has no water on it. There is no sufficient oxygen on Venus.

Additional Information Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called terrestrial planets.

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called gaseous planets.
• Uranus is about four times the size of the Earth.
  • This planet appears Greenish in colour because of methane gas present in its atmosphere.
• Neptune is surrounded by methane rings of sub-zero temperature.