Animal Diseases MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Animal Diseases - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Female Anopheles mosquito

Explanation:

• Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
• The vector responsible for transmitting malaria is the Female Anopheles mosquito, which acts as the carrier of the Plasmodium parasites.
• The Female Anopheles mosquito is the primary vector responsible for malaria transmission.
• Female Anopheles mosquitoes feed on human blood to obtain nutrients needed for egg production, and during this process, they can transmit Plasmodium parasites if they are infected.

• Plasmodium parasites have a complex life cycle that involves both humans and mosquitoes. When a Female Anopheles mosquito feeds on the blood of an infected person, it ingests Plasmodium gametocytes. These gametocytes develop into sporozoites in the mosquito's salivary glands. When the mosquito bites another person, the sporozoites enter the human bloodstream, initiating the infection.
• The Female Anopheles mosquito is the only type of mosquito capable of transmitting malaria, as it provides the necessary environment for the Plasmodium parasite to complete its life cycle.

Other Options:

• Male Anopheles mosquito: Male mosquitoes do not feed on blood; they primarily feed on nectar and other plant juices. Therefore, they cannot transmit malaria or any other blood-borne diseases.
• Male Culex mosquito: Similar to Male Anopheles mosquitoes, Male Culex mosquitoes feed on nectar and are not involved in disease transmission.
• Female Culex mosquito: While Female Culex mosquitoes do feed on blood, they are not vectors for malaria. Instead, they are known to transmit other diseases, such as West Nile virus, filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis.

The correct answer is Anthrax.

• Anthrax is an acute infectious disease of livestock that occurs throughout the world.
• The disease is also known as splenic fever due to the fact that there is an extensive enlargement of the spleen due to this infection.
• Most food animals are affected by anthrax.
• The most susceptible animals are cattle and sheep.
• It is a zoonotic disease.

Additional Information

• The disease is caused by bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis.

Clinical symptoms are :

• There is an elevation of body temperature (104 to 108°C).
• Animal refuses to eat and there is the development of bloat.
• The animal is extremely depressed.
• Extreme dyspnoea leads to mouth breathing due to oxygen hunger.
• Sudden death within 48 hrs of illness of animal. 

Confusion Points

• Salmonella Typhi bacteria causes typhoid fever.
• Salmonella Paratyphi bacteria cause paratyphoid fever.
• People infected with these bacteria can spread them to others.
• This typically happens when an infected person uses the bathroom and does not wash their hands.

The correct answer is Birds.

• Fowlpox is a relatively slow-spreading viral infection that affects most of the bird species.
• Fowl pox is caused by a virus named Avipoxvirus which belongs to the Poxviridae family.
• This disease is similar to smallpox in human beings.
• It is a world-wide disease of poultry.
• Some possible hosts are - chickens, turkeys, quail, canaries, pigeons, and many other species of birds.

Additional Information

• Fowlpox virus (FPV) vaccine, CEO (chicken embryo origin) vaccine can be used to control Fowlpox disease.
• Symptoms of Fowlpox are - Depression, Inappetance, Poor growth, Poor egg production.

The correct answer is Nipah Virus.

Key Points

• Nipah Virus is a zoonotic virus, meaning it can spread from animals to humans, primarily through bats and pigs.
• Flying foxes or fruit bats are the natural reservoir of the Nipah Virus and play a major role in its transmission to humans.
• Humans can contract Nipah Virus through direct contact with infected bats, their secretions, or contaminated food such as fruits partially eaten by bats.
• Outbreaks of Nipah Virus have occurred in regions like South and Southeast Asia, including India, Malaysia, and Bangladesh.
• The disease is highly fatal with symptoms ranging from respiratory distress to fatal encephalitis, necessitating immediate medical attention.

Additional Information

• Zoonotic Diseases: These are diseases that spread from animals to humans. Examples include Nipah Virus, Rabies, and SARS-CoV.
• Symptoms of Nipah Virus Infection: Fever, headache, drowsiness, respiratory issues, and in severe cases, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
• Preventive Measures: Avoid consumption of fruits possibly contaminated by bats, maintain hygiene, and avoid close contact with infected individuals or animals.
• No Specific Treatment: There is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for Nipah Virus. Supportive care and management of symptoms are crucial.
• Global Health Concern: Nipah Virus is listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its high fatality rate and potential for outbreaks.

Key Points

• Methylmercury is a highly toxic form of mercury.
• It is known to cause severe health effects, especially on the nervous system.
• Minamata disease was first discovered in Minamata city, Japan, in 1956.
• The disease was linked to the consumption of fish and shellfish contaminated with methylmercury.

Additional Information

• Tetraethyllead: Tetraethyllead was used as an additive in gasoline to improve engine performance but was phased out due to its toxicity and environmental impact.
• Beryllium: Beryllium is a chemical element that is used in various industries, including aerospace and electronics. It is toxic when inhaled as dust or fumes and can cause chronic beryllium disease.
• Ethylcadmium: Ethylcadmium is a compound of cadmium, which is a toxic metal. Cadmium exposure can lead to serious health problems, including kidney damage and bone loss.

The correct answer is Cowpox.

• In Latin, “cow” is “vacca” and “cowpox” is “vaccinia”. From these roots, the term ‘vaccination’ has come into our usage.
• Vaccinia Virus is also the name of a poxvirus (species Vaccinia virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus) that differs from but is closely related to the viruses causing smallpox and cowpox and that includes a strain used in making vaccines against smallpox.
• Famously in 1796, Edward Jenner, an English physician realized that milkmaids who had had cowpox did not catch smallpox even during epidemics.
• Jenner tried deliberately giving cowpox to people, and found that they were now resistant to smallpox.
• This was because the smallpox virus is closely related to the cowpox virus.
• It was the first successful vaccine to be developed.

The correct answer is Sheep.

Key Points

• Bluetongue, a disease that is transmitted by midges.
• Cattle, although infected more frequently than sheep, do not always show signs of disease.
• Virus spreads between animals occur via the midges of Cullicoides species.
• A clinical sign of this disease in sheep includes - eye and nasal discharges, drooling, high body temperature, swelling in the mouth, head and neck, lameness and wasting of muscles in hind legs, etc.
• Its preventive measures include - Banana fruits (one) smeared with sesame oil (50 ml), etc.

Additional Information

• A blue tongue is rarely a clinical sign of infection.
• Aloe Vera is the natural treatment for this disease. 

The correct answer is Birds.

• Fowlpox is a relatively slow-spreading viral infection that affects most bird species.
• Fowl pox is caused by a virus named Avipoxvirus which belongs to the Poxviridae family.
• This disease is similar to smallpox in human beings.
• It is a world-wide disease of poultry.
• Some possible hosts are - chickens, turkeys, quail, canaries, pigeons, and many other species of birds.

Additional Information

• Fowlpox virus (FPV) vaccine, CEO (chicken embryo origin) vaccine can be used in controlling Fowlpox disease.
• Symptoms of Fowlpox are - Depression, Inappetance, Poor growth, Poor egg production.

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• Rinderpest is one of the most destructive of the viral diseases of cloven-footed animals.
• The virus is found in the saliva, discharge from eyes and nostrils, and in the urine and faeces.
• Early symptomatic treatment can help to cure the animals.
• Rise in temperature up to 104 – 107 degrees F of the infected animal.

Additional Information

Some important animal diseases are:

The correct answer is Bacteria.

• Bacteria are single-cell organisms that are neither plants nor animals. They usually measure a few micrometres in length and exist together in communities of millions.
• Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can lead to high fever, diarrhoea, and vomiting. It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
• The infection is often passed on through contaminated food and drinking water and is more prevalent in places where handwashing is less frequent.

Image: Bacterial-cell

Additional Information

• Diseases caused by Bacteria include - Cholera, Leprosy, TB, Plague, Anthrax, dysentery, diphtheria, etc.
• Diseases caused by Viruses include - HIV, Hepatitis, Polio, Influenza, Dengue, Corona, Ebola, etc.
• Diseases caused by Fungi include - Valley fever, Histoplasmosis, Ringworm, Athlete's foot, etc.
• Diseases caused by Protozoa include - Malaria, Giardia, ToxoPlasmosis, etc.

Concept:

• Illness/Diseases: It is a state, experienced by the body when one or more of the control systems of the body are not functioning normally.  
  • Communicable disease: The diseases which are infectious or transmissible from a body to body through biological agents in humans and animals. Ex- Influenza, Ebola, Covid-19, etc.
  • Non-communicable disease: The disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another through biological agents, Ex- Astana, Diabetes, etc.

Explanation:

Virus: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria. 

• Viral diseases like Smallpox, Rabies, Hepatitis, AIDS, SARS, MERS, Flu, etc. are those diseases that are caused by the action of viruses that are parasitic in nature.

Additional Information

Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The correct answer is Strep Cup Test.

• This test is also known as the throat Culture Rapid Strep Test, Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT) Streptococcal Screen.
• This test is done to determine if sore throat is strep throat, an infection caused by group A streptococcus (GAS) bacteria.
• Mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common and the most expensive disease of dairy cattle throughout most of the world.
• Mastitis treatment includes the following drugs - acriflavine, gramicidin, and tyrothricin.
• It is a bacterial disease.

Additional Information

• A Widal Test is done to identify Typhoid fever.
• Tetrazolium Test is done to determine seed viability.
• Mastitis disease can occur in all Pet animals.

The correct answer is Swine flu.

Key Points

• Swine flu is a disease caused by the virus.
  • It is also known as the H1N1 flu.
  • Swine flu is caused by the H1N1 virus.
  • It spreads via pigs.
  • Swine flu is a respiratory disease that occurs in pigs that is caused by the Influenza A virus.
  • It was first discovered in humans and became a pandemic in 2009.
  • The virus is contagious and can spread from human to human.

Additional Information 

• Nipah is a virus infection in humans.
  • Nipah virus can be transmitted to humans from animals such as bats or from contaminated foods.
  • It can be transmitted directly from human-to-human.
  • It was first recognized in 1999 in Malaysia.
• Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito.
  • These mosquitoes bite during the day and night.
  • There is no vaccine or medicine for Zika.
  • It was first identified in Uganda in 1947.
• Plague is an infectious disease caused by bacteria.
  • It is caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis.
  • It is found in small mammals and their fleas.

The correct answer is Foot and Mouth disease.

• Foot and Mouth disease is caused by a virus named coxsackievirus.
• It occurred in all pet animals or cattle.
• Mastitis is caused by Bateria named Staphylococcus aureus.
• Mastitis also occurred in cattle including hen.
• Blackleg is a bacterial disease which is caused by bacteria named Clostridium chauvoei.
• Haemorrhagic septicaemia is a bacterial disease caused by Pasteurella multocida.

The correct answer is "Influenza".

Key Points

• Cholera: Cholera is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is typically transmitted through contaminated water or food and can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration.
• Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis, often abbreviated as TB, is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
• Anthrax: Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can affect both animals and humans and can be transmitted through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. Anthrax can manifest in different forms, including cutaneous (skin), inhalational (respiratory), and gastrointestinal.
• Influenza: Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a viral respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes or through touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face. Influenza can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue.

So, among the options given, "Influenza" is the correct answer as it is not a bacterial disease

Additional Information 

• Bacteria and viruses are two different types of microorganisms that can cause diseases in humans and other organisms. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can reproduce on their own and have their own cellular structure. Viruses, on the other hand, are much smaller and consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat, but they cannot reproduce on their own and require a host cell to multiply.