Which refrigerant is a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) with the chemical composition of CF₃CF=CH₂? 

Explanation:

Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) Refrigerants

• Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are a type of refrigerant characterized by their unsaturated chemical structure, which includes a double bond between carbon atoms. This feature distinguishes them from other refrigerants like Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). HFOs are considered to be more environmentally friendly because they have lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to their HFC counterparts.

Chemical Composition:

• The chemical composition of HFOs typically includes carbon (C), fluorine (F), and hydrogen (H) atoms. The presence of a double bond (olefin) in their structure is a key characteristic. For example, the chemical formula CF₃CF=CH₂ represents an HFO with a specific arrangement of these atoms.

Working Principle:

• HFO refrigerants work by absorbing heat during the evaporation process and releasing it during condensation. When used in refrigeration or air conditioning systems, they cycle between liquid and gas phases, transferring heat from one area to another. The double bond in their molecular structure allows for a lower GWP, making them a preferred choice in efforts to reduce environmental impact.

Advantages:

• Lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to HFCs, making them more environmentally friendly.
• Similar thermodynamic properties to HFCs, allowing for easier retrofitting in existing systems.
• Non-ozone depleting, contributing to the protection of the ozone layer.

Disadvantages:

• Potential flammability issues, requiring careful handling and system design.
• Higher production costs compared to some traditional refrigerants.

Applications: HFO refrigerants are used in a variety of applications including automotive air conditioning, commercial refrigeration, and residential air conditioning. They are seen as a sustainable alternative to HFCs and CFCs, helping to meet regulatory requirements and environmental standards.