Which one of the following sequence of events is not crucial to the development of 'Discrimination' in the operant learning process ?

Learning by conditioning, which supports the action-reaction effect, (supported by I. Pavlov and Skinner)

Key Points

• Pavlov’s early work in classical conditioning influenced the understanding of learning. the concepts of classical conditioning, including unconditioned stimulus (US), the conditioned stimulus (CS), unconditioned response (UR), and conditioned response (CR). Explain the roles that extinction, generalization, and discrimination play in conditioned learning.
• Skinner also supports this conditioning process in his operant conditioning where Reinforcement is a must with punishment to condition stimuli for a certain type of behavior.
• Hence we can conclude that learning by conditioning depends on stimulus, response, and reinforcement.

Important Points

•  Motivation can be defined as the process of activating, maintaining, and directing behavior towards a particular goal. The process is usually terminated once the desired goal is attained by the person. The process of initiating action is technically called ‘motivation’. Basically, motivation is of two types:

• Extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome and comes from outside of the individual. 

  • Example: Motivation by parents, teachers, society, peer groups, etc.
• Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest in the task itself and exists within the individual. 
  • Example: Motivation by self, motivation by curiosity, etc.